土壤可蚀性研究现状及展望

<正> 土壤可蚀性(soil erodibility)是指土壤是否易受侵蚀破坏的性能,也就是土壤对侵蚀介质剥蚀和搬运的敏感性。与侵蚀营力一样,土壤可蚀性是影响土壤侵蚀量大小的又一个重要因子。在水土保持学科中,我国习惯上把“水”和“土”并列使用,而国际上则用“soil loss”、“soil erosion”、“soil conservation”或“soil and water conservation”等术语。显然,土壤是水土保持学科的重点。另一方面,土壤侵蚀营力等是土壤流失过程中的外部因素,而土壤性质才是内在因素,因此,水土保持学科中核心的也是重要的问题,应该是土壤保护。土壤可蚀性研究在水土保持研究工作中具有重要意义,国际上把土壤可蚀性研究一直作为水土保持学科研究的重要内容之一。

Present Situation and Prospect in the Study of Soil Erodibility

Soil erodibility, one of the important factors which influenced soil erosion, was first put forward by Cook in 1936. Bennet first recognized in 1926 that soil erosion resistance varied with soil type. Middleton suggested the dispersion ratio, a ratio of SiO_2 and R_2Q_3 and erosion rate as indexes of soil erodibility which is the most precise index to evaluate the soil erodibility . Anderson suggested the surface ratio of soil aggrega- tion as index of soil erodibility in 1954. In the equation of USLE, soil erodibility was expressed as a factor K. Tian Jiying, Ma Zhizun, Yu Qingzhu and Chen Fayang in China all made studies of soil erodibility in different areas in 1964, 1989, 1990 and 1992 respectively. Since 1985, Agricultural Research Service of U. S. Department of Agriculture has begun to make a study of the new water erosion prediction project (WEPP) which would replace the universal soil loss equation used at present.