鄱阳湖生态经济区畜禽养殖土壤环境承载力及污染风险研究

目的]测算和评价鄱阳湖生态经济区畜禽养殖过程中的土壤环境承载力及其污染风险,为合理规划鄱阳湖生态经济区畜禽养殖空间布局、实现可持续养殖提供参考。方法]利用2000—2012年鄱阳湖生态经济区24个县(市)的统计数据进行土壤环境承载力及畜禽污染物排放量的测算和评估。结果]2000—2012年鄱阳湖生态经济区畜禽粪便耕地负荷警报值在0.7左右,总氮耕地负载警报值为0.5~0.6,总磷耕地负载警报值超过了1,畜禽养殖对环境造成了污染威胁。畜禽养殖污染风险较高的地区为高安市、东乡县、余江县、德安县以及南昌县。结论]污染风险较高的地区应强制实行畜禽养殖总量控制和污染物消减措施,而湖口县、都昌县和彭泽县畜禽污染风险较低,可以适当扩大养殖规模。

Environment Carrying Capacity and Pollution Risk of Livestock Breeding in Ecological Economic Zone of Poyang Lake

Objective] The paper aimed to measure and evaluate the environmental carrying capacity and pollution risk of livestock breeding in ecological economic zone of Poyang Lake in order to provide reference for rational planning and sustainable development of livestock breeding in ecological economic zone the Poyang Lake. Methods] The environment carrying capacity and pollution risk of livestock breeding in 24 counties(cities) of the ecological economic zone were assessed based on the numbers of various livestock in the ecological economic zone in 2000-2012. Results] The alarming value of animal manure was about 0.7, the alarming value measured by nitrogen was between 0.5 and 0.6, and the alarming value measured by phosphorus exceeded 1, indicating livestock breeding has caused environmental pollutions. Areas with higher pollution risks from the release of nitrogen and phosphorous were Gaoan City, Dongxiang County, Yujiang County, Dean County and Nanchang County. Conclusions] The breeding of livestock in higher pollution risk areas should be controlled, but in other areas such as Hukou County, Duchang County and Pengze County, the pollution risks were low and the breeding scale still has room to develop.