重庆市三峡库区水源涵养重要功能区生态系统服务功能时空演变特征

目的]揭示重庆市三峡库区水源涵养重要功能区2000—2010年生态系统服务功能的时空演变特征,为其生态环境的可持续性管理提供依据。方法]在RS和GIS技术支撑下,选择生物多样性维持、土壤保持、水源涵养和碳固定4项生态系统服务功能建立评估模型。结果](1)10a间,研究区生态系统服务功能高等级面积增加了386.14km2;(2)各单项服务功能中,水源涵养功能高等级面积增加了4 016.4km2,土壤保持功能高、较高和中等级面积分别增加了516.2km2,2 825.9km2和2 493.8km2;(3)空间分布显示,生态系统服务功能较好的区域主要集中于开县北部、巫山县北部,奉节县南部以及长江干流支流两岸和区内植被覆盖较好的山脊(呈带状分布);生态系统服务功能较差的区域主要分布于长寿、垫江、梁平地势较平缓地区和开县、云阳、奉节、巫山地势陡峭、地质灾害多发地区。结论]研究区内生物多样性维持功能、水源涵养功能10a间总体呈上升趋势,土壤保持功能、固碳功能总体较差,但两者呈上升趋势,好转区域主要集中于季节性水位淹没形成新生湿地的长江干流沿岸。

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Ecosystem Service in Key Water Resource Conservation Function Area of Three Gorges Area in Chongqing City

Objective] To reveal the spatial-temporal changes of the ecosystem services in the key ecological functional reservoir of the Three Gorges area in Chongqing from 2000 to 2010, in order to provide basis for the sustainable management of ecological environment in the Three Gorges area. Methods] Based on RS and GIS techniques, four major ecosystem services including biodiversity maintenance, soil conservation, water conversation and carbon fixation were used to establish the evaluation models. Results] (1) During the decade, the high level area of the functional ecosystem services in the research area increased by 386.14 km². (2) For each single ecosystem service function, the high level of the water conservation increased by 4 016.4 km²; the high, relatively high and medium level of the soil conservation increased by 516.2 km², 2 825.9 km² and 2 493.8 km² respectively. (3) From the spatial distribution, the better functional areas of the ecosystem services were mostly distributed in the north of Kaixian County, the north of Wushan County, the South of Fengjie County, and both sides of the tributaries of the Yangtze River and the region of the strap shaped ridge covered with better vegetation. The poorer functional regions of the ecosystem services were mostly distributed in Changshou County, Dianjiang County, the flat terrain areas of Liangping, steep terrain and ecological disaster-prone areas of Kaixian, Yunyang, Fengjie, Wushan Counties. Conclusion] During the decade, the biodiversity maintenance function and the water conservation trend to rise; the soil conservation and the carbon fixation function are generally poor, but both are on the rise trend; the area of improvement is distributed in the new wetlands on both sides of the trunk stream of the Yangtze River formed by seasonal water inundation.