阜新露天矿排土场边坡植物多样性与生产力特征

目的]以阜新露天矿排土场边坡为对象,分析坡向、坡位和恢复年限对植物多样性和生产力的影响,探讨二者的关系。方法]采用植物群落多样性测度方法分析植物多样性、均匀度和丰富度,用烘干法测量植物生产力,并运用相关分析法分析植物多样性与生产力的关系。结果]排土场阴坡坡下植物多样性和均匀度最高,而阳坡在坡上最高;随着恢复年限增加,阴坡植物多样性逐渐下降,而阳坡表现出增加趋势。排土场阴坡地上植被、枯落物和地上总生物量的最大值在坡上,而阳坡在坡中最大;阴坡的枯落物和地上总生物量显著大于阳坡(p<0.05)。排土场阴坡地上植被、枯落物和地上总生物量均与Shannon—Wiener多样性指数呈显著负相关(p<0.05),而其他多样性指标与生产力之间无显著相关关系(p>0.05)。结论]坡位和坡向是影响阜新露天矿排土场边坡生态恢复过程中植物多样性和生产力的重要因子,应根据不同生境特性,采取不同恢复措施,才能完成生态恢复。

Plant Diversity and Productivity on Dump Slopes of Fuxin Opencast Coalmines

Objective] To investigate the effects of different slope aspect, slope position and difference succession stages on species diversity and productivity of vegetation in dump slopes of opencast coalmine in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province.Methods] The plant diversity, evenness and richness indices were calculated. The plant productivity was measured by drying method. The relationship between diversity index and biomass was explored by correlation analysis.Results] For shady slopes, the plant diversity and evenness was higher at the lower part of slopes while they were higher at the upper parts of sunny slopes. With the succession, the plant diversity gradually declined on the shady slopes, while it increased on the sunny slopes. The aboveground vegetation, litter, and aboveground total biomass were greatest at the upper part of shady slope and at the middle part of sunny slope, respectively. The litter and aboveground total biomass were significantly greater on the shady slope than those on the sunny slope(p<0.05). Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly correlated with productivity(aboveground vegetation, litter, and aboveground total biomass, p<0.05). However, we did not find any significant relationship between productivity and other plant diversity indexes(p>0.05).Conclusions] Vegetation succession and restoration processes of coalmine dumps in Fuxin City might depended on slope aspect and slope position. When vegetation reclamation was carried out for coalmine dumps, the differences in the characteristics of habitats should be considered.