基于层次分析法的生产建设项目水土流失影响综合指数研究

目的]研究生产建设项目引发的水土流失影响综合指数,为水土保持科学分类管理提供依据。方法]在全国8个水土保持区划一级区31类生产建设项目中,筛选出国家、省、地(州、市)、县(区、市)共2 227个项目,收集每个项目的扰动地表面积、损坏植被面积、土石方挖填总量、永久弃渣量、是否涉预防保护区及地貌类型等13项水土保持相关指标。采用专家咨询法和层次分析法,将生产建设项目水土保持分类指标体系分为目标层(水土流失影响等级)、准则层(生产建设项目类别)、约束层(水土保持区划一级区)、指标层(水土流失相关指标)4个层次。结果]线性工程的影响指数基本呈现出:西南岩溶区(西南紫色土区)西北黄土高原区(青藏高原区)南方红壤区(北方土石山区、东北黑土区)北方风沙区的趋势。点式工程在西南岩溶区和西南紫色土区水土流失影响指数较高,而在北方风沙区的水土流失影响指数较小。结论]生产建设项目水土保持指标体系中层次划分合理,层次分析法计算得出的综合指数可以作为生产建设项目的水土流失影响指数,反映生产建设项目水土流失影响程度的水土流失影响潜在值。

A Study on Comprehensive Index of Soil and Water Loss of Production and Construction Projects Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Objective] To develop a comprehensive index for the evaluation of soil and water loss in production and construction projects in order to provide a basis for the classification of management strategies. Methods] The 2 227 projects were selected from 31 production and construction projects types at national, provincial, and prefecture levels in eigth first class national soil and water conservation zones. Then the information on 13 indexes such as disturbed surface soil area, damaged vegetation area, cubic meter of earth and stone, permanent discarded earth and stone, etc. were collected in every project. The index system of production and construction projects were divided into 4 grades as the destination layer(influencing on soil water erosion), criterion layer(the types of production and construction projects), constraints layer( the first class soil water conservation divisions), index layer( the index about soil and water loss) based on the consultation with specialist and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. Results] The index of the linear works showed a trend as the southwestern karst area>the northwestern Loess Plateau area and Tibetan Plateau area>the southern red soil area, northern earth and rock area and northeastern black earth area>the northern sand wind area. The index of soil and water loss of the point works was higher in the southwestern karst area and southwestern purple soil area, and low in the north sand wind area. Conclusion] The gradation system is reasonable in the index system of soil and water loss in a production and construction projects. Comprehensive index calculated by AHP method can be used as evaluation index of soil and water loss, reflecting potential influence of soil and water loss in a production and construction projects.