马铃薯淀粉渣对土壤保肥特性及玉米幼苗生长的影响

目的]探究马铃薯淀粉渣对土壤保肥特性及玉米幼苗生长的影响,为马铃薯淀粉渣的利用提供依据。方法]采用室内人工气候箱模拟自然环境和用淋洗管模拟田间淋洗的方法,测定沙壤土中施入0,1.00,5.00,10.00,20.00,30.00g/kg的马铃薯淀粉渣对土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水量;土壤淋洗出的硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量及玉米幼苗株高、茎粗和干鲜重等指标。结果]马铃薯淀粉渣施用量为30g/kg时,土壤容重降幅达7.24%,土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水量升幅分别为10.15%,21.25%;土壤淋洗出的硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量降幅分别为97.13%,91.03%,63.85%和66.4%;玉米幼苗株高较对照降低8.90%,茎粗较对照增加25.53%,幼苗的干、鲜重分别比对照提高13.47%,15.79%。结论]马铃薯淀粉渣施用量为30.00g/kg时,改善了土壤理化性状,增强了保肥能力,明显促进玉米幼苗干物质的积累。

Effect of Potato Starchy Residue on Corn Seedling Growth and Soil Nutrient Preserving Characteristics

Objective] The effect of potato starchy residue on corn seedling growth and soil nutrient preserving characteristics were studied to provide a way to utilize the residue.Method] The plant height, stem diameter and dry weight of corn seedling and soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, aeration porosity, moisture content, field moisture capacity, capillary water holding capacity, nitrogen fertilizer, leaching of phosphorus and potassium of sandy loam soils were determined in sandy loam soils potato starch residue of 0, 1.00, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00, 30.00 g/kg with indoor artificial natural environment and injector tube leaching method.Results] Soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil moisture content of the treatment with 30 g/kg of starch residue had significant changes compared with CK. Soil volume weight decreased by 7.24%, soil total porosity increased 10.15%, soil moisture content increased 21.25%. The leaching of soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content decreased 97.13%, 91.03%, 63.85% and 66.40% respectively. Corn dry weight of seedlings was increased by 13.47%, corn fresh weight of seedlings increased by 15.79%, corn plant height of seedlings decreased by 8.90%, corn stem diameter increased by 25.53%.Conclusion] The suitable amount of potato starch residue applied in sandy loam soils was 30.00 g/kg, which could improve the soil physical and chemical properties and enhance the ability of preserving fertilizer and promote the dry matter accumulation of corn seedling.