山东省农业污染综合分析与评价

山东省的农业生产在全国占有重要地位,然而农业非点源污染的日益严重使产地环境质量问题日趋突出,对优势农产品的生产与出口构成巨大威胁。从化肥、畜禽粪便、生活排污、秸秆、农药、地膜6个方面分析了目前山东省农业污染的主要影响因素,计算了2001—2006年主要污染源中氮、磷元素的排放量与流失量。结果表明,农业生产过程中农业化学品的大量投入与农业废弃物的大量产出及不合理利用,是目前山东省农业污染发生的主要原因;在对氮、磷流失负荷的贡献上,畜禽粪便、化肥与生活排污是农业污染的3种主要污染源,2006年3种污染源共造成6.73×105t氮素与1.35×105t磷素流失,其中畜禽粪便、化肥与生活排污分别占50.78%,41.99%,7.22%与80.30%,11.78%,7.93%;山东省农业污染在源头预防层次上应重点加强两方面的研究,一是化肥等农用化学品的高效施用技术,二是畜禽粪便等农产废弃物的资源化利用技术。

Analysis and Evaluation of Agricultural Pollution Status in Shandong Province

Agricultural production in Shandong Province exhibits an important status in China.However,the increasingly serious occurrence of agricultural pollution severely affects the advantage agricultural production and the environmental quality of its prominent origins.The main factors were analyzed in the 6 aspects of fertilizer,poultry and livestock manure,living sewage,straw,pesticide,and agricultural plastic film.Nitrogen and phosphorus loss from 2001 to 2006 was calculated.Results showed that the main causes for agricultural pollution in Shandong Province are the excessive input of agricultural chemicals and the excessive output of agricultural wastes,as well as their unreasonable utilization.Manure,fertilizer,and living sewage were the three main sources in terms of the contribution to nitrogen and phosphorus loss.In 2006,the three sources caused a total loss of 672 700 ton nitrogen and 135 000 ton phosphorus,among which,to Nitrogen loss load,manure,fertilizer,and living sewage accounted for 50.78%,41.99%,and 7.22% and to phosphorus loss load,80.30%,11.78%,and 7.93%,respectively.More attentions should be paid to the researches on high effective application techniques of agricultural chemicals and utilization techniques of agricultural wastes as to the prevention of agricultural pollution sources in Shandong Province.