山区景观生态项目建设中的水土保持问题

目的]从水土保持角度提出山区景观生态建设中应遵守的治理原则和适用的水土保持技术措施,为今后山区园林景观建设过程中水土流失治理提供参考。方法]以云南省保山市东山生态建设工程为例,系统地剖析了山区景观建设及生态建设中的水土流失及其影响因素。结果]针对山区项目建设水土流失产生特点,制定出一套从坡面(如拦水埂、梯田整地、水平阶整地和鱼鳞坑整地等)到沟道适用于山区景观项目建设的水土流失治理常见技术,并初步计算工程实施水土保持技术措施后可减少的年土壤侵蚀量为5 200 t以上。结论]在山区景观生态项目建设过程中,要坚持保护优先,安全先行,统筹兼顾为原则,在考虑施工材料经济性和生态性的同时,还要考虑景观美学因素,以制定完整的山区建设项目水土保持措施体系。

Soil and Water Conservation Problems as Part of an Ecological Landscape Construction Project in Mountain Areas

Objective] Some control principles and applicable soil and water conservation measures that should be observed during the ecological construction of a mountain landscape to conserve soil and water were proposed in order to provide reference for soil loss control in the process of mountain landscape construction in the future.Methods] Taking Dongshan ecological construction project in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province as an example, soil and water loss and its influencing factors of mountain landscape and ecological construction were systematically analyzed.Results] Aiming at the characteristics of soil erosion caused by mountain project construction, a set of common techniques for soil erosion control from slope surface (such as water interception, terraced land preparation, horizontal terrace preparation and fish scale pit preparation) to the channel for mountain landscape project construction was developed. And the rough calculation of the annual soil erosion amount that can be reduced after the implementation of the soil and water conservation technical measures is more than 5 200 t.Conclusion] In the process of constructing a mountain landscape ecological project, the principle of protection priority, safety first, and overall consideration should be taken. Considering the economics and ecological characteristics of construction materials, we must also consider the aesthetic factors of the landscape to formulate a complete system of soil and water conservation measures for mountain construction projects.