基于GIS和FloodArea水动力模型的重庆市山洪灾害风险区划

目的]开展重庆市山洪灾害风险评估与区划,为该地区山洪防灾减灾提供相应参考。方法]依据自然灾害风险评估理论,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性、承灾体暴露性、防灾减灾能力4个方面选取指标,构建重庆市山洪灾害风险评估模型。结合相关气象、生态和社会经济数据,运用GIS空间数据分析完成重庆市山洪灾害风险区划。结果]重庆市山洪灾害致灾因子危险性在合川和江津大部地区为高风险区,孕灾环境高脆弱区主要位于长江、嘉陵江沿江河谷地带,承灾体暴露性在重庆市主城区、南川、武隆、涪陵、城口为高暴露区,重庆东北部和东南部大部地区为低防灾减灾能力区。结论]总体评估而言,重庆市山洪灾害风险的高风险区主要位于重庆东北部的巫溪、东南部的酉阳和彭水、西南部的江津和西北部的合川。

Risk Regionalization of Torrential Flood Disaster in Chongqing City Based on GIS and FloodArea Model

Objective] We carried out an assessment and regionalization of torrential flood disaster in Chongqing City to provide the corresponding reference for disaster prevention and mitigation of torrential flood.Methods] According to the related theory of natural disaster, we established a risk assessment model of torrential flood disaster in Chongqing City with four assessment index subsystems, containing the dangerousness of disaster risk, the vulnerability of the disaster environment, the exposure of the disaster bearing body, and the ability of disaster prevention and reduction. Based on the meteorological, ecological and social economic data of Chongqing City, the assessment and regionalization of torrential flood disaster risk in Chongqing City were carried out by using the GIS spatial data analysis.Results] The highly risk regions of the torrential flood disaster-causing factors is located in most areas of Hechuan and Jiangjin area. The highly vulnerable areas of disaster-prone environment are mainly located in the river valley along the Yangtze River and Jialing River. The exposure of torrential flood disaster bearing body is higher in Nanchuan, Wulong, Fuling and Chengkou City. The low disaster prevention and mitigation capacity areas lie in northeastern and southeastern part of Chongqing City.Conclusion] The highest risk area of torrential flood disasters are largely located in Wuxi, Youyang, Pengshui, Jiangjin and Hechuan area.