基于PSR模型的粤北山区农户行为对水土流失的影响研究

目的]了解农户自身行为对水土流失影响,为保护和改善粤北山区生态环境、实现精准贫困和区域可持续发展提供依据。方法]以贫困胁迫下的粤北山区农户行为为研究对象,采用参与式农村评估(PRA)进行农户调查,并通过"压力—状态—响应(PSR)"模型建立粤北山区农户行为对水土流失影响评价指标体系,从农户行为视角出发,结合层次分析法确定各指标权重,定量评价农户行为对水土流失影响程度。结果](1)由于薪柴依赖度降低、坡耕地比重下降等因素,2012—2016年农户行为对水土流失影响的压力值逐渐降低;(2)虽然农户区水土流失状态值降低,但农户水土保持状态增加,总状态值稍有增加;(3)农户和政府对水土流失治理响应值逐渐增加;(4)综合PSR值,最终农户行为对水土流失影响值稍微降低,生态环境有所好转。结论]粤北山区农户对水土流失影响压力值降低,状态值增加,最终农户行为对水土流失影响值稍有降低,农户行为对水土流失影响减小。

Effects of Farmers' Behaviors on Soil Erosion in Northern Mountainous Area of Guangdong Province Based on PSR Model

Objective] The effects of farmers'' behaviors on soil erosion were researched to provide basis for protecting and improving the ecological environment of mountainous area of Northern Guangdong Province, and for realizing precisive poverty alleviation and regional sustainable development.Methods] This paper focused on farmers'' behaviors who confronted with poverty situation lived in the northern mountainous area of Guangdong Province. Method of participatory rural appraisal(PRA) was adopted to carry out survey. Pressure-status-response(PSR) model was established to study the effects of farmers'' behaviors on soil erosion evaluation index system. From the perspective of farmers'' behaviors, analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each index.Results] (1) Owing to the decrease of firewood dependence and slope land cultivation, the stress effect of farmers'' behaviors on soil erosion were descended from 2012 to 2016. (2) Although the state value of farmers'' behavioral effects on soil erosion was declined, the state value of farmers'' participation in soil and water conservation was increased, these two sub-items led to the increase of total state value. (3) Both of farmers'' and government''s response value to soil erosion control were gradually increased. (4) In terms of all the PSR values, influence effects of farmers'' behaviors on soil erosion were slightly decreased, whereby local ecological environment had getting better.Conclusion] The farmers'' influence with respect to pressure values on local soil and water conservation was decreasing, while the state value was increasing. The farmers''influence value on the soil and water conservation experienced slight decreasing ultimately, and the farmers'' influence on soil and water conservation was reducing.