条件价值法和机会成本法在小流域生态补偿标准估算中的应用——以安徽省秋浦河为例

以安徽省南部长江一级支流秋浦河为例,采用文献分析、实证调查、对比分析等研究方法,基于机会成本法估算出2009年秋浦河流上游机会成本为60 166.35万元。基于条件价值法(CVM)得出下游的最大支付意愿(WTP)为5 623.64万元。通过估算结果分析,对两种方法的利弊进行了评述。依据半市场理论、生态学的"时空有宜"律、借鉴欧美国家成功经验,结合秋浦河流域社会经济发展现状、居民收入、支付意愿实际,提出分初始补偿与成熟补偿两个阶段进行生态补偿的观点。初始补偿标准为石台县林木直接经济效益与生态保护直接投入之差,即23 482.69万元,成熟补偿额为机会成本的全部。

Application of Contingent Vale Method and Opportunity-cost Ecological Compensation Standards --A Case Study of Qiupuhe River

Using approaches of literature review,empirical analysis and comparison analysis,the opportunity cost of the upper reaches of Qiupuhe River in 2009was estimated as of 6.02×108 yuan with the opportunity cost method,and the maximum willingness to pay(WTP)was 5.62×107 yuan with the contingent vale method(CVM).According to the calculations,the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were analyzed in details.Based on the semi-efficient market theory and the ecological concept of time-space,the whole compensation process could be divided into two stages:initial compensation and final compensation.The difference between direct economic benefit and ecological preservation cost was set as the initial compensation,which was estimated as of 2.35×108 yuan for the study area.The final compensation is total value of the opportunity cost.