黑龙江省土地利用动态变化及结构效率分析

土地利用动态变化及结构效率分析可以为区域土地利用结构调整提供决策参考。以黑龙江省1998—2008年土地利用变更调查数据为基础,采用土地利用变化幅度、单项土地利用类型动态变化度分析了10a间黑龙江省的土地利用动态变化情况,并采用DEA模型分析了土地利用结构效率。结果表明,1998—2008年间,黑龙江省各类用地出现不同程度的变化,其中,哈尔滨市和绥化市变化幅度较大。发生变化的原因主要与黑龙江省行政区划调整有关。黑龙江省交通运输用地减少速度较快,其他农用地和水利设施用地的增加速度较快,13个市(区)各土地利用类型的动态度表现不同。研究区可分为DEA有效性城市和无效性城市两种。从土地投入来看,不同土地利用类型冗余量较大是导致DEA非有效城市土地利用产出未能达到最优水平的主要原因。从产出水平来看,GDP和第一、二、三产业产出不足是土地利用结构效率低下的主要原因。最后针对DEA计算结果提出了土地利用结构的调整方案。

Dynamic Changes and Structural Efficiency of Landuse in Heilongjiang Province

Dynamic changes and structural efficiency of land use can provide reference for decision-making in the structural adjustment of regional land use.Based on detailed landuse survey data collected from 1998to 2008,the landuse dynamics of Heilongjiang Province in the ten years were analyzed by determination of landuse change extent and dynamic degrees of individual landuse type.The DEA model was applied to analyze the landuse structure efficiency.The results show that the areas of the individual landuse types changed in different directions and to various degree.Specifically,Harbin and Suihua City experienced the greatest change,owing to the administrative adjustment within Heilongjiang Province.Overall,transportation land decreased faster than the others,and other agricultural land and land for water conservancy facility increased faster.The dynamic degrees differed among the thirteen cities(area)of the study area.According to the DEA model,the cities were divided into efficient and inefficient cities.Larger redundant allowance of some land use type was the main reason that led to the underachievement of the land production in the inefficient cities.In the other hand,the low GDP and undeveloped first,second,and third industries were the main reasons for the low efficiency of land production.Last but not least,landuse structure adjustment was proposed according to the DEA results.