珠江三角洲地区土地利用和景观格局变化研究

珠江三角洲是中国经济快速发展地区之一,土地利用发生剧烈变化。利用1990,2000,2006年3期遥感解译数据,借助GIS空间分析功能和景观格局指数,分析了珠江三角洲土地利用和景观格局时空演变过程。研究结果表明,1990—2006年,珠江三角洲土地利用发生变化的面积13 580.81km2,占土地总面积的32.93%,后6a变化速度明显快于前10a;城镇用地、农村居民点、其它建设用地快速扩张,水域面积显著增加,水田、旱地、林地面积快速减少;斑块数量显著增加,土地利用景观不断破碎,多样性增强。水田、旱地、林地、水域和城镇用地近圆指数较小,斑块形状复杂;分维数介于1.26～1.44,各地类形状趋向复杂,人类对其干扰不断增强;林地是整个区域土地利用格局的基质,分离度最小,水田、城镇用地、旱地和水域的分离度相对较小,呈现连片分布状态。

Variations of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Zhujiang River Delta

The Zhujiang River Delta is one of the rapidly developed regions in China.Based on dynamic remote sensing data of land use in 1990,2000,and 2006,spatiotemporal variations of land use and landscape pattern were analyzed with the help of the spatial analysis function and landscape pattern index in GIS.Results showed that from 1990 to 2006,the changed land of 13 580.81 km2 in the region accounted for 32.93% of the total land area.Change speed in the later 6 years was faster than that in the former 10 years.The areas of urban land,rural residential land,and other construction lands expanded quickly and water bodies increased intensively,while paddy-fields,non-irrigated farmland,and forest decreased evidently.The number of patches increased remarkably,the landscape became smaller pieces,and the heterogeneity increased.Nearly round indexes of paddy-fields,non-irrigated farmland,forests,water bodies,and urban land were rather low and the shape of the patches was complicated.Fractal dimension ranged from 1.26 to 1.44 and land use types were complicated due to the continuous intense intervention by humans.Separation degree of forests essential to the total land was the lowest,while separation degrees of paddy-fields,urban land,non-irrigated farmland,and water bodies were relatively low and showed pieces-link distribution.