极端干旱地区绿洲边缘带天然植被的保育策略--以新疆鄯善绿洲为例

以山西省阳泉市280煤矸石山为研究对象,通过对煤矸石物理性质、水分入渗特性和水分含量的分析,初步研究了煤矸石山风化堆积物水分的动态特征.研究结果表明,煤矸石质地较差,砾石和块石平均含量达86.07%.煤矸石山孔隙组成以非毛管孔隙为主,其剖面4个深度(0-15 cm,15-30 cm,30-45cm,45-60 cm)的毛管孔隙度平均值分别为1.40%,1.36%,1.32%和1.17%,导致土壤持水量常年维持在较低水平,0-60 cm的平均土壤持水量为19.7 t/hm2.Kostiakov人渗模型能较好地反映研究地区煤矸石风化物的入渗过程,且在入渗过程中煤矸石风化物一直保持着较高的渗透速率.煤矸石风化堆积物水分季节性变化主要受降水量及其季节分配的影响,随着季节性降水量的增加,矸石风化物水分平均含量也相应升高.煤矸石山的储水量与降水量之间,表现出较好的一元线性正相关关系.在降雨量较少,或是降雨次数多,雨强较大的情况下,裸露煤矸石地的储水量往往大于覆土煤矸石地的储水量.一般情况下,煤矸石山30-40 cm深处有明显的干层,使得煤矸石山下层在旱季保持有较多的水分.

Natural Vegetation Conservation of Oasis Margin in Arid Zone -A Case Study in Shanshan Oasis, Xinjiang Wei Autonous Region

Sustainable developmentof oasis system depends mainly on the stability of oasis margin in arid zone. Aiming atthe issues of natural vegetation deterioration and ecological function decline,the presentsituation of natural vegetative and the cause of its deterioration were detected clearly by jointly adopting the methods of field investigation and related research resultcollection. From analyzed results for the reasons of vegetation deterioration,itcan be deduced thatprotection measures should protectpresentvegetation accord- ing to their ecological characteristics,and choose species thatsuitlocal environmentto enlarge artificial for-estry areas,and adoptreasonable economic policy.