内蒙古腰坝绿洲的土壤盐渍化特征

目的]研究内蒙古阿拉善左旗腰坝绿洲土壤盐渍化特征及土壤盐分离子分布规律,为研究区农业生产发展及生态环境保护计策提出合理依据。方法]通过在野外考察、GPS定点、样品采集和处理并借助Excel和SPSS软件,运用统计学方法研究了该区土壤盐离子含量、总碱度与土壤离子含量之间的关系、土壤含盐量以及盐离子间的相关性。结果]灌区土壤pH值平均值为8.13,为碱性土,土壤盐分含量较高,其中0—10cm土壤盐离子含量最高,平均值达到4.49%。阳离子主要是Ca2+和K++Na+,阴离子主要是SO2-4Cl-HCO-3,CO2-3含量微小。0—10cm土层和10—60cm土层中SO2-4与Ca2+均有极显著正相关,相关性均大于0.95,因子分析中SO2-4与Ca2+,Cl-和K++Na+发生"聚类"现象。结论]灌区盐渍化土主要为硫酸盐渍土,其次为氯化盐渍土,该盐渍土危害植被生长。

Characteristics of Soil Salinization in Yaoba Oasis of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Objective] To study the characteristics of soil salinization and the distribution of soil salt ions in Yaoba Oasis of Alax Left Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide a certain basis for the development of agricultural production and ecological environment protection.Methods] We studied the distribution of soil salinization, the relationship between ion content and values of total alkalinity, salt ion content, as well as the relationship between salt amount and ion content by the means of sampling, GPS positioning and statistical methods. The testing results were analyzed with Excel software and SPSS software.Results] The average pH value of the irrigation area soil is 8.13, it is alkaline soil. Land of Yaoba Oasis is high in salt content. The salt content of soil is mostly concentrate in 0-10 cm depth, which can reach 4.49%. Cations are mainly Ca²⁺ and K⁺+Na⁺, whereas anions are mainly SO₄^2-, Cl^-, HCO₃^- in the study area, having a rank as:SO₄^2- > Cl^- > HCO₃^-. Content of CO₃^2- accounts for few proportion. There are significant positive correlations between SO₄^2- and Ca²⁺ both in 0-10 cm soil layer and 10-60 cm soil layer, and their correlation coefficients are more than 0.95. Factor analysis showed that there are significant ties between SO₄^2- and Ca²⁺, and between anion Cl^- and cations of K⁺+Na⁺.Conclusion] The salinized soils in the irrigation area are mainly sulphate and chloride saline soils, which are harmful to the growth of vegetation.