近10年重庆市土地利用变化及其绩效评价

对重庆市近10a的土地利用变化情况进行了分析,并在此基础上构建了适合该区域地域特征的土地利用评价指标体系,运用最优组合赋权法对其土地利用状况进行定量化评价。研究结果表明:(1)1999-2008年重庆市耕地急剧下降,其面积净减了293 679.7hm2,建设用地大幅增加,其面积净增了74 334.1hm2。(2)土地配置结构和土地利用程度分值呈现出总体下降态势,分别从1999年的0.713 2和0.114 3下降到2008年的0.294 2和0.038 7,这表明目前重庆市用地矛盾突出,土地利用的集约化程度仍较低。土地利用效率与利用效益则增长明显,其分值分别由1999年的0.065 5和0.046 7增长到2008年的0.447 2和0.301 1,但总体水平还较低,表明土地产出率还有很大的提高空间。(3)重庆市土地利用绩效值总体水平不高,但保持稳定增长趋势,由1999年的0.176 7增长到2008年的0.259 8,表明在土地利用总体规划和国家有力的土地宏观调控措施下,重庆市土地利用正朝着合理利用和持续利用的方向发展。

Performance Evaluation of Last 10-year Landuse Change in Chongqing City

We analyzed land use changes of Chongqing City during the last 10 years,and then built a landuse evaluation system,considering both regional geographic characteristics and the requirement of quantitative evaluation.The results showed that the area of farmland decline sharply between 1999-2008,accounting for a net decrease of 293 679.7 hm².Meanwhile,the area construction land increased substantially by a total of 74 334.1 hm².Both the structure of landuse configuration and the degree of land utilization decreased,from 0.713 2 and 0.114 3 in 1999 to 0.294 2 and 0.038 7 in 2008,respectively.Land use conflicts highlighted the low intensification degree of landuse in the study area.Land use efficiency and utilization benefit increased significantly from 0.065 5 and 0.046 7 in 1999 to 0.447 2 and 0.301 1 in 2008,respectively.However,the overall efficiency is still relatively low,indicating that the land productivity can still be improved potentially.Landuse performance value was still relativity low,but its trend was keeping increasing steadly,similar the changes of social economical development and natural environmental condition.Chongqing City is moving towards in a development direction of reasonable and sustainable land use.