长武塬区涝池演变特征分析

目的]基于黄土高原长武塬区涝池多年变化的调查数据,分析长武塬区涝池演变过程、特征与影响因素,以阐明其作为地表水体在补给地下水方面的可能作用。方法]采用野外实地调查获取涝池数据。结果](1)研究区域涝池数量和面积在调查时段内总体呈现缩小态势,其中20世纪80年代前变化相对平缓,其后缩小速率加快,2010—2014年涝池数量和面积年缩小速率均达到最大,分别为-5.71%和-4.80%。(2)随着经济社会的发展,涝池在农村中的地位愈来愈低,村落布局及管理上对涝池的忽视,导致大量涝池消失,而且现存涝池蓄水时段缩短,多为季节性蓄水。(3)研究区域涝池面积的缩小与地下水位下降有同样趋势,表现出一定的因果关系,这可以解释为涝池对地下水的补给量减少,可能影响到地下水位变化。结论]在人类活动的影响下,长武塬区涝池减少严重,今后应予以一定程度的恢复与重建。

Variation Characterics of Water Storage Pond in Changwu Tableland

Objective] The paper aims to study the evolution processes, variation characteristics, influence factors of the water storage ponds in Changwu tableland according to the survey data in recent years, in order to illuminate the possible role of the water storage pond as a surface water body to recharge of the groundwater.Methods] Data of water storage ponds was collected by field surveys.Results] (1) The number and area of water storage pond generally showed a decreasing trend in the study period. In the early 1980s, the changes were relatively slow. However, it shrank faster in the later years. From the year 2010 to 2014, the number and area of water storage pond reduced at a maximum rate per year of-5.71% and-4.80%, respectively.(2) With the economic and social development, the role of water storage pond played in the countryside becomes smaller. With the village layout changes and the ignorance of pond management, lots of ponds are disappearing. Moreover, the storage time of extant ponds becomes shorter, and many of them changed into seasonal storage ponds.(3) As the pond area decreased, the groundwater level also declined, indicating a possible relationships between them. The loss of ponds' replenishment may somehow cause changes in the groundwater level.Conclusion] Under the influence of human activities, the water storage pond in the Changwu tableland was seriously reduced, and some actions should be taken to recover and construct the water storage ponds in future.