松花江流域哈尔滨城区段土壤侵蚀时空格局及动态变化研究

以松花江流域哈尔滨城区段为研究区域,以ArcGIS为分析平台,对1995-2005年土壤侵蚀时空格局及其动态变化进行了研究.在DEM基础上,分析土壤侵蚀时空变化地貌特征的空间分布.结果表明,水力侵蚀是松花江流域土壤侵蚀的主要形式,以微度侵蚀为主;在0-400 m高程范围内,微度-轻度、轻度-微度、轻度-中度和中度-强度侵蚀相互转换剧烈;土壤侵蚀变化随着坡度的增加而减少且变化主要集中在坡度小于25°的区域上,0°～6°的区域,土壤侵蚀主要集中在0.5°～5°的坡耕地,6°～15°区域,微度-轻度和轻度-微度侵蚀相互交换相对剧烈;土壤侵蚀变化的坡向特征呈现双峰现象,各种强度水力侵蚀的变化主要集中在阴坡(东北)与阳坡(西南)两个坡向,微度侵蚀变化量在平地的面积比重较大.

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Dynamic Changes of Soil Erosion in Harbin Region of Songhuajiang Watershed

Taking Harbin region for an example, the spatiotemporal pattern and dynamic changes of soil erosion in Songhuajiang watershed from 1995 to 2005 are studied by using the ArcGIS and DEM. The topographic characteristics of spatial distribution of soil erosion is analyzed based on the DEM. Results show that water erosion is the main form of soil erosion in the watershed. Weak erosion mainly occurs at the altitude between 0 and 400 m where the transformation of weak slight erosion, slighter osion weaker osion, slight ° moderate erosion, and moderate intensive erosion in the area are intensive. Erosion changes mainly occur in the area less than 25° where erosion changes decrease firstly and then increase with the increase in slope degree. In the 0°~ 6°area, soil erosion mainly occurs on the 0.5°~ 5°cropland. In the 6°~ 15°area, the transformation of weak slight erosion and slight weak erosion is relat ively strong. Slope aspectin erosion change is characterized by a double- peak structure, while strong water erosion change occurs in northeast and southwest aspects. The proportion of weak erosion change in the flat area is greater.