基于GIS的大别山区东段雨季降水空间分布模拟

区域降水量是重要的环境变量,区域降水量的研究对区域水资源合理规划与利用具有重要科学价值。依据大别山区东段及附近14个气象台站和8个气候考察站34a雨季降水和风向等气象资料,以及各站点的经纬度、坡向、海拔高度等地理信息,并引进"主风向效应指数",建立大别山区东段雨季降水分布模拟模型。利用GIS技术进行栅格数据的空间分析,模拟大别山区东段降水空间分布。模拟结果表明,(1)针对不同区域特点,适当增加有效的地形和气象因子参与插值,可以提高山区降水模拟精度,大别山区东段雨季的逐月、夏季和雨季降水空间分布模拟相对误差均小于10%;(2)大别山区东段南北坡雨量分布具有明显的时空变化,边界层山地的扰动作用对降水量分布影响明显,雨量的南北坡的季节变化与大气环流的季节变化一致。

Simulation of Spatial Precipitation Distribution in East of Dabie Mountains Based on GIS

Regional precipitation is an important environmental factor and has a great scientific value in the reasonable programming of regional water resources.In this paper,meteorological data of rainfall,wind direction,etc.from 1971 to 2004 were picked up in 14 observatory stations and 8 climate investigation stations.Geography information such as longitude,latitude of the station,sloping direction,and altitude were also included.Prevailing wind-direction effect index and altitude were introduced to reflect climate difference and terrain for precipitation interpolation.Precipitation simulation model in rainy season in the east of Dabie Mountains was built.Spatial precipitation distribution in the east of Dabie Mountains was simulated by using spatial analysis function of GIS for grid data.Simulated results show that in view of different regional characteristics,precipitation simulation precision can be improved by the addition of effective terrain and meteorological factors to participation in interpolation.The relative errors of spatial precipitation distribution simulation in each month and summer and rainy seasons in the east of Dabie Mountains are less than 10%.Precipitation on south and north slopes in the east of Dabie Mountains is characterized by obvious spatiotemporal variation.Mountainous disturbance as a boundary layer has obvious influence on precipitation.Seasonal variation of precipitation on south and north slopes is consistent with seasonal variation of atmospheric circulation.