浙江省天台县不同森林类型枯落物及土壤水文特性

目的]掌握浙江省天台县不同森林枯落物和土壤的持水能力,为该区域今后在森林水源涵养等方面提供科学依据。方法]采用野外调查和室内浸泡法,对天台县8种森林类型(毛竹林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、针叶混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、黑松林、木荷林)枯落物及林下土壤持水性进行了研究。结果] 8种森林类型的枯落物蓄积量在8.05～23.84 t/hm~2之间;最大持水量变化范围为14.59～35.15 t/hm~2,其大小排序为:木荷林针阔混交林阔叶混交林马尾松林杉木林黑松林毛竹林针叶混交林;8种森林类型林下枯落物持水量与浸泡时间之间变化规律基本一致,持水量与浸泡时间呈对数函数关系,不同森林类型林下枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈幂函数关系;各森林类型土壤容重介于0.83～1.21 g/cm~3,土壤持水力变化范围为200.74～575.70 t/hm~2,其大小依次为:黑松林针阔混交林木荷林杉木林毛竹林马尾松林阔叶混交林针叶混交林。结论]阔叶林以及含有阔叶树种的森林类型枯落物以及林下土壤持水能力均较强,其中土壤持水能力最强的为黑松林。

Hydrological Characteristics of Litters and Soils of Different Forest Types in Tiantai County of Zhejiang Province

Objective] The water-holding capacity of litter and soil in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province were investigate to provide a scientific basis for forest water conservation in the region.Methods] The undergrowth litters and water-holding capacity of soil of eight forest types (Phyllostachys edulis forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, coniferous mixed forest, Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, Pinus thunbergii forest, and Schima superba forest) in Tiantai County were studied through field investigation and indoor soaking method.Results] The litter volumes of the eight forest types were 8.05~23.84 t/hm². The maximum capacity range was 14.59~35.15 t/hm² (S. superba forest > mixed broadleaf-conifer forest > broad-leaved mixed forest > P. massoniana forest > C. lanceolata forest > P. thunbergii forest > P. edulis forest > coniferous mixed forest). Moreover, the litters had basically similar change laws of the water-holding capacity with soaking time. The water-holding capacity and soaking time showed a logarithmic function relation, whereas the water absorption rate and the soaking time had a power function relation. The soil bulk densities in the different types of forest were 0.83~1.21 g/cm³. The range of water-holding capacity of soil was 200.74~575.70 t/hm² (P. thunbergii forest > mixed broadleaf-conifer forest > S. superba forest > C. lanceolata forest > P. edulis forest > P. massoniana forest > broad-leaved mixed forest > coniferous mixed forest).Conclusion] The broad-leaved forest and the forest-type litter with broad-leaved tree species, as well as the soil under the forest, had strong water-holding capacity, and the maximum water-holding capacity of soil was that of the P. thunbergii forest.