平顶山市丘陵区沟头防护生物措施配置研究

平顶山市丘陵区面积2607.36km²,占总面积的29.6%,该区沟壑纵横，地形支离破碎，水土流失严重，特别是风化层较厚的花岗岩、片麻岩及黄土覆盖丘陵区，沟蚀极为发育，冲沟密布、沟头前进、沟岸扩张、沟床下切、崩塌滑坡，致使沟道荒芜。沟头是沟道与坡面之间由缓变陡的转折处，是沟掌与沟道的衔接处，是溯源侵蚀发生与发展的关键部位。沟头防护治理是小流域综合治理的重要组成部分，然而在群众性的水土保持小流域治理中，沟头防护工程数量少、质量差，缺乏生物措施配置，甚至往往被忽视。本研究采用当地适宜的乔、灌木经济植物作不同处理，通过对降水量、沟头前进、沟岸护张、沟道下切、土壤侵蚀量、生物量、土壤养分变化观测，取得了大量的成果资料，应用水土保持学、植物学、土壤化验分析的理论，进行对比分析研究，探索出了平顶山市丘陵区沟头防护生物措施配置最佳方式，旨在运用简便、经济、利于环境效益的生物措施防护途径，扼制由于坡面径流冲刷而引起的沟头溯源侵蚀的发生与发展，为丘陵区沟头防护建设提供科学依据。

Study on Vegetative Measure Disposition for Gully Head Protection in Hilly Region of Pingdingshan City

The area of hilly region in Pingdingshan is 2607.36 km²and is about 29.6% to total land area.Gully density and soil and water loss is very high in this region.Gully head is the place of erosion occuring.Gully protective system is the main compo nent of small watershed comprehensive control.However,in actural control,the quality of g ully head protective system is low and absent vegetative measures disposition.Our research use different treatment of economic vegetation and get lots of data of rainfall,gully head advancing,g ully cutting,soil erosive yield,biomass,soil nutrient. After a nalysing,the optimum disposition of vegetative measure for gully head protecting in Pingdingshan is found. The aim of this paper is using simple,economic vegetation protective approach to control runoff crushing to gully slope,and provide scientific base for gully head protection in hilly region