鸡粪配施尿素对扁豆根际微环境特征及产量、品质的影响

目的]探讨鸡粪配施尿素对扁豆根际微环境特征及产量、品质的作用效果,为提高农田土壤质量管理以及扁豆种植的优化施肥提供理论依据。方法]通过连续4a的大田试验,研究了CK(对照,不施肥)、CF(纯施尿素)、CM(纯施鸡粪)和CM+CF(鸡粪和尿素各提供50%的氮)处理对扁豆根际中根系分泌物含量、微生物数量、微生物多样性及产量、品质的影响。结果]同纯施尿素处理相比,鸡粪和尿素各半处理根系分泌物中氨基酸总量、有机酸总量和总糖含量分别提高61.91%,43.03%和31.18%;细菌数、放线菌数和微生物量碳、氮含量明显增加。同时,CM+CF处理的微生物多样性指数最高,并与微生物总量的变化趋势一致,而CF与CK处理的微生物多样性指数与微生物总量的变化趋势不一致。此外,CM+CF处理扁豆产量分别较CK,CF和CM处理提高65.20%,28.15%和8.24%,并使扁豆荚果的Vc、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量分别较CF处理提高45.55%,36.35%和43.23%。与CM+CF处理相比,纯施鸡粪处理对根际和扁豆产量、品质的影响效果较小。结论]鸡粪与尿素配施措施能促使扁豆根系分泌物的增多以及根际微生物数量和微生物多样性指数的提高,有助于增强土壤的供肥性能,并促进扁豆生长的高产优质。

Effects of Chicken Manure Co-applied with Urea on Rhizospheric Characteristics and Yield, Quality of Lablab Purpureus

Objective] Exploring the effect of chicken manure co-applied with urea on rhizospheric characteristics and yield, quality of Lablab purpureus, in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of quality management in farmland soil and for fertilization optimization of Lablab purpureus plantation.Methods] A field experiment including four treatments, i. e., CK (neither urea nor chicken manure was applied), CF (100% of nitrogen was provided by urea), CM (100% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure), and CM+CF (50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by chicken manure and urea, respectively) was performed. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different treatments on root exudates contents, microbial population, microbial diversity index in rhizosphere and the yield, quality of Lablab purpureus.Results] In comparison to CF treatment, CM+CF treatment significantly increased the contents of total amino acid, total organic acid and total sugar in root exudates, showing 61.91%, 43.03% and 31.18% increases, respectively. The populations of bacteria and actinomycetes and contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were obviously increased by the use of CM+CF treatment. In the meantime, the microbial diversity index was the highest in CM+CF treatment, which had the same variation tendency as total microbial population. However, the microbial diversity indices and microbial population had different variation tendency between CF and CK treatments. Additionally, the CM+CF treatment could significantly increase the yield and improve the quality of Lablab purpureus, indicative of 65.20%, 28.15% and 8.24% increases in yield as compared with the treatments of CK, CF and CM+CF, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of V_c, soluble sugar and free amino acid in legume increased by 45.55%, 36.35% and 43.23% by the use of CM+CF treatment as compared to CF treatment, respectively. However, less effect on rhizosphere and yield, quality of Lablab purpureus in CM treatment was observed in comparison with CM+CF treatment.Conclusion] As a result, chicken manure co-applied with urea was beneficial on the increases of root exudates, microbial populations and microbial diversity index in rhizosphere and the enhancement of soil nutrient-supply capacity as well as the growth of high-yield and quality Lablab purpureus.