长江上游森林水源涵养功能及空间分布特征

以长江上游森林生态系统为研究对象,按照植被类型将研究区域划分成11个评估单元。根据研究区各森林类型林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的指标数据和2001年NOAA影像,结合野外调查,应用GIS技术对整个长江上游森林水源涵养功能及其在空间上的分布特征进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)长江上游森林水源涵养功能平均值为79.33 mm。林冠层、枯落物层、土壤层水源涵养功能平均值分别为1.29,2.81和75.21 mm。长江上游森林水源涵养总量为1.667 5×1010t。林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层分别占涵养总量的1.63%,3.54%和94.81%。土壤层是森林系统水源涵养总量的主体。(2)长江上游森林水源涵养功能由南向北呈现先增加后减少的抛物线趋势,由西向东表现出近似幂函数曲线的逐渐减少趋势。这与林冠层的变化趋势相反,与土壤层的变化趋势具有一致性。(3)在水平方向上,长江上游森林水源涵养功能以岷山—茶坪山—夹金山—锦屏山—玉龙山一线为界,表现出西强东弱的空间分布格局;在垂直方向上,森林水源涵养功能随着海拔的升高逐渐增加,至海拔4 200 m左右,出现减少的趋势。

Water Conservation Function of Forest Ecosystem and Its Spatial Distribution Characteristics in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River

Forest system in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was chosen as the research object.The study area was divided into 11 assessment units by the forest vegetation types.According to the index of canopy,litter and soil layer of different forest types and NOAA remote sensing in 2001 and field investigation,water resource conservation of forest ecosystem and its spatial distribution characteristics in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were studied by the method of GIS.Results showed that mean comprehe...