砾石覆盖年限对连作农田土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

以中国科学院皋兰试验站的连续砾石覆盖2,7,11,15和20a的连作西瓜农田为对象,对不同覆盖年限连作西瓜农田土壤中微生物数量、过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶酶活性进行了研究。结果表明,随着砾石覆盖年限的增加,土壤微生物数量逐渐降低,在覆盖7～11a时最为稳定,此后微生物多样性指数和均匀度指数持续降低。在0～20a范围内,砾石覆盖下多数土壤酶活性随着覆盖年限的延长呈抛物线变化趋势,在砾石覆盖10～11a之前呈上升趋势,随后呈下降趋势。总体而言,在砾石覆盖11a左右的农田中,土壤酶活性最高,砾石覆盖超过15a的农田土壤酶活性较低,作物减产,需要停耕堆肥,重新换沙来维持产量。这一结果可为砾石覆盖农田土壤的持续利用与科学管理提供基础依据。

Temporal Effects of Gravel-Sand Mulching on Soil Microbial Population and Soil Enzyme Activity in Croplands with Continuous Cultivation

Soil samples collected from continuous croplands with 2,7,11,15 and 20 year gravel-sand mulching in Gaolan Research Station,Gansu Province were analyzed for soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities.The results show that with increase of mulching time,soil microbial population decreased from the beginning to a low stable state in about 7 to 11 years,and then the Shannon diversity index and Mclntosh diversity index continued to decrease.The enzyme activities of soils showed a parabola curve over t...