新疆皮山县绿洲需水量变化与绿洲稳定性

目的]探讨和评价新疆地区皮山县在水资源供需平衡状况和水资源约束条件下的绿洲稳定性,为该区域生态环境保护提供决策支持与科学依据。方法]基于1998—2012年Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像数据和基础地理数据,在RS技术的支持下对皮山县绿洲进行了土地利用信息提取,结合水文和气象数据(气温、降水数据)估算皮山县绿洲15a来的社会经济和自然生态系统综合需水量,并在此基础上进行分析。结果]皮山县绿洲渠系利用系数低,耕地灌溉定额高,耕地耗水比例大,且社会经济耗水量不断增加。15a间皮山县绿洲需水量增加了2.73×108 m3,现状供给量存在很大的缺口。2010年缺水总量到达2.74×108m3,虽然2012年缺水有所缓解,但自然生态环境缺水量增加,占到水资源总缺水量的59.75%,供需表现出很大的不平衡性。结论]从现有的绿洲面积看,水资源供给量存在较大的缺口,绿洲已处于极不稳定状态。

Change of Water Demand and Stability of Pishan Oasis in Xinjiang Region

Objective] Oasis stability in Pishan County of Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region was evaluated in terms of the balance between supply and demand of water resources under the condition of water resource constraint in order to provide scientific basis for the protection of local ecological environment and associated decision making in this region.Methods] Data of land use types in Pishan oasis from 1998 to 2012 were elicited from Landsat TM/ETM⁺ remote sensing images and other basic geographic data based on RS technology. Combined with the hydrological and meteorological data(temperature, precipitation data), comprehensive water demand of social economy and natural ecological system in Pishan oasis were estimated. Upon these, the balance between supply and demand of water resources and oasis stability were preliminary discussed.Results] The canal system utilization coefficient of Pishan oasis was estimated at low level, farmland irrigation quota and arable land water consumption proportion were high, also the social and economic water consumption were increasing. The water demand had increased 2.73×10⁸ m³ in recent 15 years, and there were big insufficiency on the supply of status quo. The total water deficit reached 2.74×10⁸ m³ in 2010. In 2012, it was eased, but the yearly water deficits of natural ecological environment were at an overall increasing tendency. Deficit of natural environment accounted for 59.75% of the total water deficit, and it had great imbalance between supply and demand.Conclusion] According to the present oasis area, a big gap in supply of water resources existed, the oasis was in an unstable state.