基于生态足迹的港口型城镇土地生态安全研究——以宁波市镇海区为例

以宁波市镇海区为研究对象,利用生态足迹分析理论与方法,对镇海区1997-2011年的土地生态安全状况进行了评价。结果表明:镇海区人均生态足迹从1997年的6.4178 hm²增加到2011年的7.7374 hm²,而同期的人均生态承载力则由0.3370 hm²小幅增加到0.3624 hm²。人均生态赤字由6.0808 hm²增加到7.7130 hm²,生态压力指数由19.04上升为20.79。研究期内镇海区的人均生态足迹高于人均生态承载力,出现了巨大的生态赤字,港口地区土地生态系统处于很不安全状态。城镇化发展、重化工产业布局和居民消费结构调整是影响镇海区土地生态安全的重要因素,同时由于国际贸易存在使得港口型城镇土地生态状况存在"虚高"现象。为调整港口型城镇土地生态安全状态,还应采取协调港城关系,降低化石能源比重和提高生态用地比例等对策措施。

Analyzing Land Ecological Security of Port Town Based on Ecological Footprint-A Case Study of Zhenhai District, Ningbo City

Zhenhai District of Ningbo City was taken as the research objective and the method of ecological footprint was employed to calculate its ecological footprint(EF) and ecological capacity(EC) from 1997 to 2011. The results showed that the ecological footprint per capita in Zhenhai District increased from 6.4178 hm² to 7.7374 hm² during 1997-2011. Meanwhile the ecological capacity per capita, the ecological deficit per capita and the ecological tension index increased from 0.3370 hm², 6.0808 hm², 19.04 to 0.3624 hm², 7.7130 hm², 20.79 respectively. The ecological footprint per capita exceeded the ecological carrying capacity per capita, which showing a huge ecological deficit and indicated that the land ecological system of port areas was in a very unsafe state. The rapid development of urbanization, the layout of heavy chemical industry and the adjustment of residents' consumption structure were important factors which influenced the land ecological safety of Zhenhai District, and the risk of land ecological system was much higher than the original system due to the international trade. Finally, it was concluded that the measures of coordinating the relationship between port and city, reducing the proportion of fossil energy and improving the ecological land ratio should be taken to adjust the status of land ecological security in port areas.