黄土高原不同玉米-大豆间作模式对玉米生长发育的影响

以玉米品种(郑单958,豫玉22)和大豆品种(中黄24,中黄13)为材料进行田间试验,在单作和间作两种模式(间作比例分别为2:2,2:4)下研究了黄土塬区不同玉米-大豆间作模式对玉米生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,郑单958分别与大豆两个品种间作,玉米叶片叶绿素相对含量、单株叶面积、茎粗和干物质积累量从大喇叭口期开始均高于单作,株高在生育后期表现为间作高于单作。豫玉22分别与大豆两个品种间作,玉米叶片叶绿素相对含量和茎粗从大喇叭口期开始高于单作,干物质积累量从吐丝期开始高于单作,单株叶面积在吐丝期显著高于单作,株高在生育后期表现为间作低于单作。间作下的郑单958干物质积累量在生育后期高于豫玉22,更有利于增产。在所选的玉米和大豆间作模式中,郑单958和中黄24以2:4间作是黄土塬区对玉米增产更为有利的间作模式。

Effect of Maize-Soybean Intercropping Modes on Maize Growth on Loess Plateau

Two maize cultivars(Zhengdan-958 and Yuyu-22) and two soybean cultivars(Zhonghuang-24 and Zhonghuang-13) were selected under monoculture and intercropping modes(2:2 and 2:4 ratios) respectively, to explore the effect of maize-soybean intercropping modes on maize growth on the Loess Plateau. The result showed that, compared with monoculture, Zhengdan-958 intercropped with the two soybean cultivars can increase the chlorophyll relative content, leaf area per plant, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of maize starting from the huge bellbottom period, and the plant height exceed that in monoculture in the late growth stage. When Yuyu-22 intercropped with the two soybean cultivars, the maize chlorophyll relative content and stem diameter were higher than that in monoculture starting from the huge bellbottom period, and the dry matter accumulation were higher than that in monoculture starting from the silking stage. The leaf area per plant was higher than that in monoculture significantly in the silking stage, but the plant height lower than that in monoculture in the late growth stage. The dry matter accumulation of Zhengdan-958 was higher than that of Yuyu-22 in the late growth stage under intercropping, so it was more beneficial to maize yield. In the selected maize-soybean intercropping patterns, Zhengdan-958 intercropped with Zhonghuang-24 with 2:4 ratio was more beneficial to maize yield on the Loess Plateau.