堆渣边坡生态棒护坡措施的水土保持效益

目的]探究堆渣边坡生态棒防护措施的综合防护效果,为露天采石场裸露边坡的生态修复提供依据。方法]利用人工降雨模拟试验,收集不同降雨强度下地表层和矿渣层的产流量、产沙量,并建立综合贡献度模型。结果]随着坡度的增加地表层的径流总量和泥沙总量呈递增趋势,而矿渣层的径流总量和泥沙总量呈递减趋势,与径流总量相比泥沙总量变化趋势不明显;对照组与生态棒防护措施下,地表层的产流—产沙相关性均高于矿渣层;当降雨强度为30和120mm/h时,生态棒防护边坡在坡度为15°时具有较佳的防护效果,当降雨强度为60mm/h时,径流量和泥沙量受坡度变化的影响不显著。结论]生态棒防护措施具有拦蓄坡面径流和泥沙的功能,与对照组相比可以更有效地防治坡面水土流失。

Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Ecological Rods on Mineral Waste-Piled Slopes

Objective] In order to provide some reliable bases for ecological restoration of quarry slopes, the comprehensive effects of ecological rod method on controlling the soil and water loss on slopes were investigated.Methods] Large-scale artificial rainfall tests were conducted to collect information about the quantities of runoff and sediment from surface layer and debris flow, and upon which a comprehensive model was built.Results] With the increase of slope degree, the quantities of runoff and sediment from surface increased while that from debris flow decreased. Total sediment did not change as significant as the total runoff did. The correlation of runoff and sediment from surface layer was higher than that from debris flow. Ecological rod protective measures built on <15°slopes had the highest benefits when rainfall intensities were 30 mm/h and 120 mm/h. Slope degree had little influence on runoff and sediment when rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h.Conclusion] The ecological rod protective measure has significant effects on the control of soil and water loss by intercepting surface runoff and sediment.