基于Landsat TM/ETM影像的黄河三角洲盐渍土动态变化分析

通过Landsat系列卫星的TM和ETM数据的光谱特性研究和盐碱地信息模型的构建,研究了在黄河三角洲地区通过遥感手段实现对盐渍化土地退化信息提取的可行性。研究结果表明,黄河三角洲近10 a来盐碱地呈现重度盐渍化加重的趋势,2007年较2003年加重趋势要比2011年较2007年加重趋势大,而2011年加重趋势趋缓,但比2003年要重,土地退化明显,即土壤盐渍化有持续加重趋势,这与人类活动紧密相关,主要表现在孤东油田的不断建设忽略了对土地的保护和合理利用,滨海区域卤水晒盐和养殖池塘的建设上;轻度盐渍化区域面积也不断增加,与人工灌区的开挖,引入黄河径流及水利工程措施有关。人类活动对土壤盐渍化影响既有积极一面,也有消极作用。

Analysis on Dynamic Variation of Salinized Soil in Yellow River Delta Based on Landsat TM/ETM Image

The feasibility of information extraction for the degradation of salinized soil by means of RS in the Yellow River delta region was obtained through analyzing the spectral characteristics of TM & ETM data from the Landsat series satellites and constructing the saline information model. The results showed a deteriorating tendency of severe soil salinization in the past 10 years, and the trend in 2007 compared to 2003 was more severe than that in 2011 compared to 2007. However, the increasing trend slowed down in 2011, but it was still heavier than that in 2003. The degradation of salinized soil was obvious, that meant soil salinization becoming more serious. All the land degradation was closely related to human activities, including ignoring the constant protection and rational utilization of land in Gudong oilfield construction, the construction of coastal areas baysalt brine and aquaculture ponds, mild salinization area increased and the excavation of artificial irrigation area, the introduction of the Yellow River runoff and water conservancy engineering measures. The influence of human activities on soil salinization has side effects of both positive and negative.