不同介质陡坡降雨侵蚀产沙试验研究

通过比较分析了邙山黄土和粉煤灰在25°陡坡、人工模拟降雨条件下的侵蚀特点,得到以下结论,不同介质不同雨强条件下的侵蚀小区,降雨初期径流量都较小,随着降雨时间的延长,径流量、产沙量逐渐增大;当降雨进行到一定时间段时,径流量、产沙量会出现激增点,此后径流量、产沙量急剧增加,经过一段时间后,径流量、产沙量达到相对稳定状态;在不同的下垫面介质和不同雨强条件下,侵蚀小区的径流量、产沙量激增点和它们达到稳定的时间有很大的差异,随着雨强的增加,激增点及稳定时刻都会大大提前;坡面产沙量激增点及相对稳定时间一般滞后径流量的激增点及相对稳定时间约1～3 min;粉煤灰基本上能在较小雨强条件下模拟出邙山黄土在较大雨强时才能体现出来的侵蚀特点.

Experimental Study on Erosion Characteristics of Different Materials on Steep Slope Under Artificial Rainfall

Estuary locates the intersecting zone between ocean and river, it is the wetland ecosystem type with great resources potent and environmental values. Besides it can provide a lot of foods, materials and water resources, it can keep regional eco-balance, maintain biodiversity and rare species, regulate water resources, control flood and fight natural adversities, degrade pollutions and provide trip etc.. However, owing to the unreasonable exploitation and utilization for a long time, the living environment has degenerated, biodiversity has decreased seriously, the environmental pollution, erosion of coast and estuary deposition have been aggravated. It is imperative to conserve and utilize reasonably estuary resources. The menaces faced with of estuaries and the main problems during the management, conservation and utilization of Chinese estuaries are analyzed, and the sustainable management countermeasures are put forward.