1975-2014年河套绿洲城市化遥感监测与区域差异分析

目的]对近40 a来河套绿洲城市化进行遥感监测与区域差异分析,以期为河套绿洲各城市的规划管理、城市间协调发展及可持续发展提供决策依据.方法]利用1975,1989,1995,2000,2006和2014年6景Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+遥感影像,结合7个城市扩展评价指标及主成分分析法等开展研究.结果](1)河套绿洲3座城市的扩展趋势不同,扩展速度、强度及城市扩展弹性系数不同.(2)三座城市扩展的空间形态不同.(3)三座城市的城市重心转移方向和距离各不相同.(4)房地产开发投资额和第三产业是影响银川市城市扩展的主要社会因素,第一产业是影响临河区的主导产业,而第二产业是影响石嘴山市的支柱性产业.结论]近40 a来,河套绿洲3座城市中,银川市年均扩展速度最快,强度最大,且城市扩展弹性系数更趋于人地关系的合理值;银川市和临河区的城市扩展形态趋向紧凑稳定型发展,复杂程度减小;而石嘴山市趋于离散发展,形态逐渐复杂化;同时,银川市城市重心向东南方向转移,转移距离最大,石嘴山市、临河区分别向西南、东北方向转移;且影响3座城市扩展的主因子不同.

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Urbanization in Hetao Oasis and Regional Difference Analysis During 1975-2014

Objective] The urbanization in Hetao Oasis was monitored through remote sensing and the regional difference in the past 40 years was analyzed to provide a scientific base for urban plan and management, and for city coordinative and sustainable development. Methods] Based on 6 term''s scene of landsat MSS/TM/ETM⁺ remote sensing image in the years of 1975, 1989, 1995, 2000, 2006 and 2014, 7 evaluation indices of urbanization expansion were included and principal component analysis was used. Results] (1) The expansion trends of Yinchuan, Shizuishan and Linhe cities had different expansive speed, strength and elasticity. (2) There were different space expansive patterns among the three cities. (3) The gravity transfer directions and distances of city center were different. (4) The real estate development investment and the tertiary industry were the major factors that affected the urban expansion of Yinchuan City, the first sector was the leading one for Linhe District while second sector was the pillar in Shizuishan City. Conclusion] In recent 40 years, it was Yinchuan City that had the fastest annual expansion rate, the largest expansion intensity and more reasonable relationship between population growth and urban land. Yinchuan City and Linhe district urban expansion tended to be compact, stable and had decreasing complexity development; Shizuishan City had the tendency of discrete development and showed an increasing complex forms. In addition, the city center transferred to the southeast for Yinchuan City with the maximum transfer distance of 3 198 m; while Shizuishan City and Linhe District expanded toward to the southwest and northeast. Additionally, the dominating factors that influenced the urban expansion for the three cities were different.