1990-2015年乌苏里江流域土地覆被变化

目的] 分析1990—2015年乌苏里江流域内中国和俄罗斯两国区域土地覆被变化特征和差异，为该流域内人地关系研究和土地资源管理提供科学参考。方法] 以Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源，采用基于面向对象的遥感分类方法，提取乌苏里江流域1990年和2015年的土地覆被信息，分析乌苏里江流域土地覆被变化的主要特征。结果] 1990—2015年的26 a间，乌苏里江流域内农田、湿地面积变化较为明显。农田呈扩张趋势，面积增加6 089.69 km²，增长率18.4%。其中，5 416.7 km²农田由湿地转化而来，农田扩张主要发生在中国境内区域。湿地、林地面积分别减少了5 683.51和844.09 km²，减少率分别为56.4%和3.51%。俄罗斯境内土地覆被变化作用强度较弱，各土地覆被类型间变化率均不超过2%。结论] 气候、地形、农业宏观政策和农业生产方式等是推动乌苏里江流域土地覆被变化的影响因素；其中，农业生产方式的转变和规模的扩大是该流域土地覆被变化的最主要驱动力。

Land Cover Change in Wusuli River Basin from 1990 to 2015

Objective] The characteristics and differences of land cover change between China and Russia in the Wusuli River basin from 1990 to 2015 were analyzed in order to provide a scientific reference for the study of human-environment interaction and land resource management in the basin. Methods] The Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image was used as the data source, and the object-oriented remote sensing classification method was used to extract the land cover information of 1990 and 2015 in Wusuli River basin, and the main characteristics of land cover change in Wusuli River basin were analyzed. Results] During the 26 years from 1990 to 2015, the change of farmland and wetland area in Wusuli River basin was obvious. The area of farmland was expanded by 6 089.69 km² with an increase rate of 18.4%. Among them, 5 416.7 km² was transformed from wetland, and farmland expansion mainly occurred in China. The area of wetland and forest land decreased by 5 683.51 km² and 844.09 km², with a reduction rate of 56.4% and 3.51%, respectively. The intensity of land cover change in Russia was weak, and the change rate among land cover types was less than 2%. Conclusion] Climate, topography, agricultural macro policy and agricultural production mode are the factors that promote the change of land cover in Wusuli River basin, among which the change of agricultural production mode and the expansion of scale are the main driving forces.