资源型城市土地利用变化与景观格局——以新疆克拉玛依市为例

目的]分析将近20a新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依城市的空间扩展状况,为资源型城市空间扩展的数量特征研究提供依据。方法]基于克拉玛依市1996,2000,2006,2011,2014年5个时段的Landsat影像,获取近20a不同时期的土地利用变化信息,计算土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数和主要景观组分的转移过程。结果]1996—2014年研究区耕地、林地在大幅度增加,其面积由1996年的38.05,58.39km2增加为2014年的436.25,143.27km2。耕地在景观中所占的比例大幅度增大,破碎化程度增加。建设用地与水域面积也逐渐增大,其面积由1996年的20.40,31.62km2扩大为2014年的65.15,36.38km2,建设用地的斑块数量由1996年的888增加到2014年的1 792,斑块密度与边缘密度由0.12,1.14增加到0.24,4.03。结论]1996—2014年克拉玛依市破碎化程度增加,有明显的集中化趋势,水体景观形状较为规则,破碎化程度较底。

Land Use Change and Landscape Pattern of Resource Based Cities-A Case Study at Karamay City of Xinjiang Region

Objective] We aimed to analyze the spatial expansion during the past 20 years in Karamay City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in order to provide basis for the further research on quantitative characteristic of spatial extension in resource-based city.Methods] The land use information was extracted based on the Landsat images of Karamay City in the year of 1996, 2000, 2006, 2011 and 2014. And then the transition probability matrix of land use, landscape pattern metrics and main landscape component transition process contribution rate were calculated.Results] Arable land and forest land was largely increased during the period from 1996 to 2014 in the study area. The area was increased from 38.05 and 58.39 km² in 1996 to 436.25 and 143.27 km² in 2014, respectively. The proportion of cultivated land in the landscape was greatly increased, and the fragmentation degree increased as well. The area of construction land and water also expanded from 20.40, 31.62 km² in 1996 to 65.15, 36.38 km² in 2014, respectively. The number of patches of construction land was increased from 888 in 1996 to 1 792 in 2014, and the patch density and edge density increased from 0.12, 1.14 in 1996 to 0.24, 4.03 in 2014, respectively.Conclusion] The fragmentation degree increased and showed an obvious centralization tendency in Karamay City. The water landscape was more regular, and fragmentation degree was lower.