不同改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效果

目的]研究不同改良剂在黄河入海口附近滨海重盐碱地上的改良效果,选择出适合于该区滨海重盐碱地上的盐碱改良剂。方法]选用禾康、磷石膏、微生物菌肥、土生、药肥和有机肥在黄河三角洲毛坨试验站进行盐碱地改良试验,分析不同盐碱改良剂对滨海重盐碱地的物理、化学、生物学性质的改良效应。结果](1)所有改良剂均能显著降低盐碱地土壤容重,增强土壤通透性,尤其是磷石膏和禾康效果更显著;(2)所有改良剂使土壤电导率明显下降(至少15.9%以上),具有较好的压盐降盐作用。(3)对盐碱棉田脱盐效果较好,能有效改善盐碱土壤化学性质的改良剂是磷石膏和禾康;(4)所有改良剂均能增加盐碱地土壤微生物量,增强土壤呼吸,其效果最好的是有机肥和有机肥菌肥混施处理;(5)能较好地改善盐碱地土壤肥力,提高棉花产量的改良剂是有机肥及有机肥菌肥混施处理。结论]磷石膏、禾康、有机肥及有机肥菌肥混施处理均能明显改良盐碱土物理、化学、生物学性质。

Improving Effect of Different Amendment Treatments in Coastal Saline-Alkali Soil

Objective] Studing the amelioration effect of different soil amendments that are potentially suitable for costal heavy saline-alkali soil.Methods] Hekang, phosphogypsum, micro-organism fertilizer, Tusheng, officinal-fertilizer and organic manure were used to amend saline and alkali soil in Maotuo field experiment station of Yellow River Delta. The effects of soil amendments on physiochemical and biological characteristics of costal strongly salinized soil were studied.Results] (1) The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased and the aeration decreased when the soil amendments were added, among which phosphogypsum and Hekang had good amelioration effects; (2) Electric conductivity of soil was observed obviously decreased when each of the amendments added with a 15.9% or over decrease. The salty effect of saline and alkali on soil could be mitigated with soil amendments, especially with cotton field; (3) The phosphogypsum and Hekang was better than others in mitigating salt and modifying soil chemical properties; (4) Moreover, the microbial biomass and soil respiration increased with the addition of soil amendments, especially with the additions of organic manure or micro-organism fertilizer treatments; (5) Soil fertility and cotton production could increase by organic manure or micro-organism fertilizer treatments.Conclusion] The physiochemical and biological characteristics of saline alkali soil can be improved with Hekang, phosphogypsum, micro-organism fertilizer, and organic manure amendments.