基于沟渠库厂联合运用的金属矿区酸性废水防控措施研究

目的]金属矿区酸性矿山废水外排防控一直是个难题。探索酸性矿山废水源头控制与末端治理相结合的防控技术体系,为金属矿区酸性废水的防控提供新的解决思路。方法]以广东省大宝山矿区为研究案例,坚持"源头防控,末端治理"的原则,构建基于沟渠库厂联合运用的酸性废水综合防控技术体系。结果]建设截排水系统实施雨污分流,从源头上减少酸性废水产生量;清淤腾空拦泥库调蓄库容2.81×106 m3,并建设4.50×104 t/d处理规模的污水处理厂,对酸性废水进行未端治理,达到在5a一遇降雨条件下丰水期酸性废水不外排的防控目标。结论]通过沟(截水沟)、渠(排水渠)、库(拦泥库)、厂(污水处理厂)的联合运用,可以控制酸性矿山废水在设计标准下不外排,该技术体系可用于类似矿山酸性废水的治理。

Prevention and Control Measures of Acid Mine Drainage Based on Combined Utilization of Ditches, Mud Storehouse and Sewage Treatment Plant

Objective] The discharge of acid mine drainage in metal mining area causes serious environmental pollution, and is difficult to control. This study designed and implemented the technology system of acid mine drainage control based on the combination of source controlling and terminal treatment, which provided a new solution for the treatment of acid mine drainage.Methods] Based on the principle of "source control and terminal treatment", a comprehensive prevention and control technology system for acid mine drainage was established in Dabaoshan mining area of Guangdong Province.Results] A cut-off drainage system was established to implement rainwater and sewage diversion, and to reduce the amount of acid mine drainage generated from the source. The storage capacity of the mud tank was 2.81×10⁶ m³. The new sewage treatment plant could process acid wastewater as much as 4.50×10⁴ t/d. The mine acid wastewater treatment system established in this study can achieve the goal of prevention and control in acidic wastewater during the rainy season.Conclusion] Based on combined utilization of ditch (cutting ditch), canal (drainage), reservoir (blocking mud), and plant (sewage treatment plant), it is possible to achieve the goal of prevention and control in acidic wastewater under certain conditions. The technical system constructed in this study can be used for acid mine drainage treatment in similar mining areas.