西南岩溶地区地下水污染及防治途径

岩溶地下水资源是西南岩溶山区最重要的生活生产用水来源,也是西南岩溶地区实现社会经济与生态建设全面可持续发展的重要保障。在分析西南岩溶山区地下水资源开发利用状况的基础上,对西南岩溶地区地下水污染现状及特点进行了调查分析。结果显示,西南岩溶地区地下水污染源主要来自城市经济活动、工矿开采及"三废"排放、农业生产面源污染、农村生活垃圾污染4个方面。提出了加强岩溶地区地下水调查及定位监测;加强水环境保护的宣传教育,提高村民水环境保护意识;调整产业结构,推进农村垃圾集中处理;发展有机生态农业;推进农村生态环境综合治理及地下水污染治理技术攻关等相应的防治与调控对策,认为防治岩溶地下水污染的关键在于预防。

Groundwater Pollution and Controlling Measures in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China

Groundwater resources are the most important source to life and industrial water use in Southwest China karst-mountains and provide an important guarantee for the all-side sustainable development of social, economic and ecological construction. The present status and characteristics of groundwater pollution were analyzed based on the analysis of groundwater resources use in Southwest China karst-mountains. Results indicate that the groundwater pollution in Southwest China karst-mountains mainly comes from four aspects: urban economic activities, industrial and mining exploitation, the "three wastes" emission, agricultural non-point source pollution and rural living garbage pollution. On this basis, several measures were discussed and put forward: strengthening investigation and monitoring of groundwater in karst region; strengthening water environmental protection publicity and education and improving villagers' water environmental protection consciousness; adjusting industrial structure and promoting rural waste treatment; developing organic ecological agriculture; and promoting the prevention and controlling countermeasures of rural ecological environment and groundwater pollution controlling. Prevention is recognized to be the key to control karst groundwater pollution.