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地膜再利用对土壤水盐及油葵幼苗生长的影响
引用本文:艾海舰,李志熙,边利军.地膜再利用对土壤水盐及油葵幼苗生长的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014(3):14-18.
作者姓名:艾海舰  李志熙  边利军
作者单位:榆林学院生命科学学院, 陕西榆林 719000;榆林学院生命科学学院, 陕西榆林 719000;乌兰布和灌域管理局沙区灌溉试验站, 内蒙古磴口 015200
基金项目:陕西省科技厅农业攻关项目"优质猪生产与粪污资源利用示范"(2010K01-01); 国家自然科学基金项目"黄土丘陵区小流域大气降水-土壤水-地下水转化行为机理研究"(41171421)
摘    要:为了推广地膜再利用栽培技术,在河套灌区以露地种植油葵为对照,在旧地膜覆盖的田地,在土壤顶凌期、返浆期和油葵种植前、油葵幼苗期分别测定了旧地膜覆盖带、旧地膜附近、旧地膜间0—100cm土层的土壤水分、土壤盐分,测定了旧地膜覆盖带、旧地膜间种植的油葵出苗及幼苗生长状况。结果表明,地膜再利用提高了旧地膜覆盖田地耕层的土壤水分,降低旧地膜覆盖带耕层土壤盐分,提高旧地膜附近及旧地膜间耕层土壤盐分;地膜再利用对深层土壤水分、土壤盐分无显著影响。地膜再利用缩短了旧地膜覆盖带种植的油葵出苗天数,提高了油葵的出苗率及存活率,促进了油葵幼苗生长;但地膜再利用延长了旧地膜间种植的油葵出苗天数,降低了出苗率及存活率,抑制了幼苗生长。地膜再利用种植油葵时应将油葵种植在旧地膜带覆盖带上,不应种植在旧地膜之间。

关 键 词:旧地膜覆盖  土壤水分  土壤盐分  油葵  幼苗
收稿时间:2013/8/10 0:00:00
修稿时间:2013/8/13 0:00:00

Effects of Reuse Technique of Plastic Film Mulch on Soil Moisture, Soil Salt and Oil Sunflower Seedling Growth
AI Hai-jian,LI Zhi-xi and BIAN Li-jun.Effects of Reuse Technique of Plastic Film Mulch on Soil Moisture, Soil Salt and Oil Sunflower Seedling Growth[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014(3):14-18.
Authors:AI Hai-jian  LI Zhi-xi and BIAN Li-jun
Institution:College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China;College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China;Sandy Area Irrigation Experimental Station, Ulanbuh Irrigation Field Administration, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia 015200, China
Abstract:This study was conducted in an old plastic film mulching field to promote the reusing techniques of plastic film mulch in the Hetao Irrigation District, with oil sunflower cultivation in open field as the control. In soil ice crust and soil moisture recovering periods and before oil sunflower sowing and seedling periods, soil moisture and soil salt in 0-100 cm soil layer were measured within old plastic film belts, near old plastic films and between old plastic films, respectively. Moreover, emergence and seedling growth of oil sunflower were measured within old plastic film belts and between old plastic films, respectively. Results showed that reuse of the plastic film mulch increased topsoil moisture in old plastic film mulching field, decreased topsoil salt within old plastic film belts, but increased topsoil salt near and between old plastic films. Reuse of the plastic film mulch had no significant effect on deep soil moisture and soil salt. Reuse of the plastic film mulch shortened oil sunflower emergence time, increased oil sunflower emergence rate and survival rate, promoted oil sunflower seedling growth within old plastic film belts, but extended oil sunflower emergence time, decreased oil sunflower emergence rate and survival rate, inhibited oil sunflower seedling growth between old plastic films. In cultivation of oil sunflower with the reusing technique of plastic film mulch, oil sunflower should be sowed in the soil within old plastic film belts, but should not be sowed in the soil between old plastic films.
Keywords:old plastic film mulch  soil moisture  soil salt  oil sunflower  seedling
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