酒泉-金塔盆地绿洲土地利用变化与生态系统服务价值评估

基于1990,1999,2006年和2010年4期Landsat TM土地利用类型数据,以酒泉-金塔盆地绿洲为例探究干旱区土地利用时空变化,并对其生态系统服务价值进行评价。结果表明:(1)研究区1990-2010年土地利用发生了较大变化,耕地、林地、草地、城镇居民地面积持续增加,水域面积萎缩,未利用地大幅度减少。(2)酒泉-金塔绿洲1990,1999,2006及2010年研究区的生态系统服务价值分别为24.53,26.99,29.84和30.16亿元/a,呈现逐步增长的趋势,但增长率逐步降低,分别为10.04%,10.54%和1.09%。(3)生态系统单项服务价值分析表明研究区服务性价值大于生产性价值。(4)研究区的生态系统服务价值变化趋势与生态风险指数变化一致,应合理开发和管理水土资源以降低绿洲资源利用的生态风险,为区域可持续发展更好地服务。

Land Use Change and Its Ecosystem Service Value Evaluation in Oasis of Jiuquan-Jinta Basin

Based on Landsat TM images of 1990, 1999, 2006 and 2010, the oasis of Jiuquan-Jinta Basin was selected as a case to study the spatial and temporal variation of land use type and evaluate the ecosystem service value. Results showed that land use in the oasis of Jiuquan-Jinta Basin changed greatly between 1990 and 2010. The areas of farmland, forestland, grassland, urban and residential land increased gradually, while water area and unused land declined greatly. The ecosystem service value of oasis of Jiuquan-Jinta Basin was 2.453 billion RMB per year in 1990, 2.699 billion RMB per year in 1999, 2.984 billion RMB per year in 2006 and 3.016 billion RMB per year in 2010. Although performing a trend of gradual growth, its growth rate decreased by 10.04%, 10.54% and 1.09%, respectively. Analysis of single ecosystem service value showed that service value was greater than value of productivity. Change trend of ecosystem service value in the study area was in accordance with ecological risk index. Therefore, there is strong need for rational development and management of water and land resources to lower the ecological risk of oasis system and provide better service for sustainable development.