味精废浆有机肥对西瓜根系特性与根际土壤腐殖质组成的影响

目的]探讨味精废浆有机肥(以下简称有机肥)与化肥配施对西瓜根系吸收特性及根际腐殖质组成的影响效果。方法]以黑彤K-8西瓜为试材,通过大田试验,研究CK(对照,不施肥);N100(纯尿素,以下简称无机肥);M10N90(有机和无机比例为10%和90%);M30N70(有机和无机比例为30%和70%)和M50N50(有机和无机比例各为50%)等处理对西瓜根系活力、建造水平、形态特征以及根际中根系分泌物含量与腐殖质组成的影响。结果]同N100处理相比,M30N70处理明显提高了西瓜的根系活力,并促进了根系的生长;同时还显著增加了西瓜的总根长、根表面积、比根表面积、根体积和根尖数,而根系直径却明显降低,其中总根长较CK,N100,M10N90和M50N50处理分别增加74.63%,40.84%,28.41%和19.37%,比根表面积分别增加了14.39%,11.64%,6.04%和7.56%。此外,M30N70处理亦提高了根际中根系分泌物和胡敏酸的含量,并提升了胡/富比,其中胡敏酸含量分别较CK,N100和M10N90处理提高了39.42%,30.82%和20.89%。相对于M30N70处理,M10N90和M50N50处理对西瓜的影响作用较小。结论]味精废浆有机肥与化肥以3∶7比例配施对西瓜根系吸收特性与根际腐殖质组成的作用效果最佳,建议作为生产实践中的施用比例。

Effects of Monosodium Glutamate Wastewater Manure on Root Characteristics and Humus Composition in Rhizosphere Soil of Watermelon

Objective] The objective of the study is to explore the effect of monosodium glutamate wastewater manure(hereinafter referred to as manure) mixed with inorganic fertilizer on the root absorption characteristics and humus composition of rhizosphere soil of watermelon(Citrullus lanatus).Methods] The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different treatments, i.e. CK(control, no fertilization); N₁₀₀(pure urea, hereinafter referred to as inorganic fertilizer); M₁₀N₉₀(the proportion of manure and inorganic fertilizer is 10% and 90%); M₃₀N₇₀(the proportion of manure and inorganic fertilizer is 30% and 70%) and M₅₀N₅₀(the proportion of manure and inorganic fertilizer is 50% and 50%) on root activity, construction levels of root system, root morphological characteristics and root exudates, as well as humus composition in the rhizosphere soil of watermelon.Results] The results indicated that in comparison to N₁₀₀ treatment, M₃₀N₇₀ treatment significantly increased root activity, and promoted the root growth of watermelon. At the same time, M₃₀N₇₀ treatment also increased the total root length, root surface area, specific root surface area, root volume and root tip number, while the root average diameter obviously decreased. The total root length in the M₃₀N₇₀ treatment increased by 74.63%, 40.84%, 28.41% and 19.37%, and the specific root surface area was increased by 39.42%, 30.82% and 20.89% compared to the treatments of CK, N₁₀₀, M₁₀N₉₀ and M₅₀N₅₀, respectively. In addition, M₃₀N₇₀ treatment obviously increased the contents of root exudates and humic acid, and increased the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid, showing 137.36%, 47.95% and 33.33% increase in humic acid content compared with the treatments of CK, N₁₀₀ and M₁₀N₉₀, respectively. However, in M₁₀N₉₀ and M₅₀N₅₀ treatments, less effects was observed than that in M₃₀N₇₀ treatment.Conclusion] Monosodium glutamate wastewater mixed with inorganic fertilizer, especially M₃₀N₇₀ treatment, is beneficial to the root absorption characteristics and humus composition in the rhizosphere soil of watermelon, and it is recommended as the suitable fertilization proportion in the practice.