江汉平原水土资源结构与产能时空分异特征

目的]揭示江汉平原水土资源结构与农业产能时空分异特征,为保障区域可持续发展和国家粮食安全提供理论支持。方法]以江汉平原8个市为研究区域,利用农业水土资源匹配分析模型测算江汉平原2004—2012年水土资源匹配系数并结合区域农业产能进行空间耦合分析。结果]江汉平原人均水土资源低于全国平均水平,属于水土资源约束型区域;研究区多年平均水土匹配系数为1.00,低于同期全国平均值1.30,年际波动范围较小但整体呈下降趋势;根据水土资源匹配状况与农业产能的差异性,将江汉平原划分为了4个区域。结论]江汉平原地区水土资源匹配程度较差,并长期落后于全国平均水平,总体呈现出"东西高,中部低"的格局。降水的分布不均和社会经济高速发展引起的水土资源供求矛盾对水土匹配具有明显的影响作用。

Spatial-temporal Variation of Land and Water Resource Structure and Farmland Productivity in Jianghan Plain

Objective] Studying the spatial-temporal variation of land and water resource structure and farmland productivity in Jianghan plain in order to provide a support for guaranteeing national food security and promoting sustainable development. Methods] The agricultural water-land matching model was used to calculate the agricultural water-land resources matching coefficients during 2004-2012 of the 8 cities in Jianghan plain, and the spatial-coupling of land and water resources and farmland productivity was analyzed. Results] Jianghan plain was deficient in land and water resources in terms of per capita unit, whereby, it belongs to resource-restraint area. The averaged matching coefficient of land and water resources of the study area was 1.00, lower than the national level of 1.30 of the same period. Which means the coupling of land and water resources had a downward trend with small annual fluctuation. According to the variation of the coupling state of land and water resources and farmland productivity, Jianghan plain were sub-zoned into 4 parts. Conclusion] There is a disparity between land and water resources of Jianhan plain and it is below the national average in a long time. The spatial matching state of the land and water resources, on the whole, shows "high in the west and east, low in the middle". The uneven spatial distribution of rainfall and discrepancy between land-water supply and demand resulted from social and economic development significantly affect the matching pattern of land and water resources.