宁东矿区天然植物群落特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系

目的] 研究宁东矿区天然植物群落特征与土壤理化性质的关系，为宁东矿区植被重建过程中植物种的选择提供科学依据。方法] 以宁东矿区6种典型的天然植物群落和土壤为研究对象，采用野外调查结合室内试验的方法，对比分析不同群落的植物群落特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果] 宁东矿区6种天然植物群落共调查到植物55种，隶属于15科48属，集中分布于菊科、豆科、藜科和禾本科4科。细枝岩黄耆（Hedysarum scoparium）+柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）—白莲蒿（Artemisia sacrorum）群落灌木层植被盖度和高度在6个群落中均最高，其数值分别为48%和202.54 cm，灌木物种柠条锦鸡儿在其中5个群落中均有分布且生长良好。灌木层Patrick丰富度指数与土壤碱解氮、砾石含量、速效钾和有机质呈正相关，与pH值呈负相关；草本层植物种Patrick丰富度指数与土壤有机质、田间持水量和速效磷呈正相关关系。结论] 宁东矿区煤矸石山植被重建时，对于覆土土质为壤质砂土或砂质壤土，优先选择柠条锦鸡儿、细枝岩黄耆、黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）和沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）等灌木树种；覆土土质为少砾质砂土时选沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）和柠条锦鸡儿；覆土土质为多砾质砂土时可选藏锦鸡儿（Caragana tibetica）、裸果木（Gymnocarpos przewalskii）和胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）等灌木物种。土壤容重对灌木物种多样性贡献率较大，土壤田间持水量和有机质对草本植物多样性贡献率较大。

Characteristics of Natural Plant Community and Its Relationship with Soil Physi-Chemical Properties in Ningdong Mining Area

Objective] The relationship between natural plant community characteristics and soil physi-chemical factors in Ningdong mining area was studied, in order to provide basis for the selection of plant species for vegetation reconstruction in Ningdong mining area.Methods] Six typical natural plant communities and soils in Ningdong mining area were taken as the research objects, and field investigation combined with indoor experiment were conducted to compare and analyze the plant community characteristics of different communities and their relationship with soil physi-chemical properties.Results] A total of 55 plant species were found in 6 natural plant communities of Ningdong mining area, which belong to 15 families and 48 genera. They were concentrated in 4 families, such as Compositae, Leguminosae, Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae. The vegetation coverage and height of shrub layer in the Hedysarum scoparium+ Caragana korshinskii-Artemisia sacrorum community were the highest among the 6 communities, with values of 48% and 202.54 cm, respectively. Caragana korshinskii, a shrub species, was distributed in 5 of 6 communities, with a good growth. Patrick richness index of shrub layer was positively correlated with soil alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, gravel content, available potassium and organic matter, and negatively correlated with pH value. Patrick richness index of herbaceous plant species was positively correlated with soil organic matter, field water holding capacity and available phosphorus.Conclusion] Shrub species such as Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, Artemisia ordosica and Calligonum mongolicum should be preferred in vegetation reconstruction of coal gangue hill in Ningdong mining area when the soil cover is loamy sand or sandy loam; Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and Caragana korshinskii should be preferred when the soil cover is sandy soil with less gravel; shrub species such as Caragana tibetica, Gymnokarpos przewalskii and Lespedeza bicolor can be selected when the soil cover is sandy soil with a large amount of gravel. Soil bulk density had a greater contribution rate to shrub species diversity, and soil field water holding capacity and organic matter had a greater contribution rate to herbaceous plant diversity.