基于RS和GIS的河南省生态环境质量动态评价

目的]揭示近年来河南省生态环境质量时空变化特征,为生态环境的监测、保护和管理提供科学依据和技术支持。方法]以多源、多时相数据为基础,参考生态环境状况评价技术规范和模型方法,采用1km格网作为评价单元,提取生物丰度、植被覆盖、水网密度、土地胁迫、污染负荷5个指标,来计算生态环境质量总指数,定量评估河南省生态环境质量时空变化。结果](1)河南省生态环境质量以"一般"为主,其所占比例接近80%,其他类型面积较少,生态环境质量的基本空间分布格局明显受地形地貌、土地利用及区域发展战略影响;(2)2000—2013年,河南省生态环境质量年际间变化较小,呈现出"单峰型"的变化特征,但生态环境质量为较差和优、良的区域面积都有所增长;(3)生态环境质量变化与区域发展关系密切,13a来,河南省生态环境质量总体上存在微弱变差趋势,变差区域在空间上由中西部向东南部迁移,主要与城市建设用地扩张有关。结论]基于1km格网的生态环境质量评价方法更能反映区域生态环境空间特征及影响因素。为了持续提升研究区生态环境质量,区域发展战略必须要与生态文明建设相协调。

Dynamic Evaluation of Eco-environmental Quality in He'nan Province Based on RS and GIS

Objective] The spatial-temporal variation of the eco-environmental quality in He''nan Province was analyzed to provide scientific bases for the monitoring, conservation and management of eco-environmental.Methods] This paper evaluated eco-environment quality by eco-environmental quality index. The eco-environmental quality index was calculated by five indexes, which included the biological richness, vegetation coverage, water network denseness, land stress and pollution load. These indexes were calculated based on the grid-based collected multi-source and multi-temporal data, and technical criterion for eco-environmental status evaluation was also considered.Results] (1) The main type of eco-environmental quality was "general" in He''nan Province, and it accounted for nearly 80% coverage of the whole areas, other types accounted for relatively less. The topography, land use types and regional development strategy had profound effects on the distribution of eco-environmental equality. (2) The eco-environment quality has showed a trend of reduction with small annual variation in recent years. Chronologically, it showed a unimodal distribution, showing no significant changes in the highest years, and the significant changes in the early and laters sides years. (3) The changes of eco-environmental quality were closely related to the regional development, which had showed a deterioration trend in recent 13 years. Influenced by the expansion of urban construction land, the degeneration regions had shifted from the midwestern to the southeast of He''nan Province.Conclusion] The evaluation of eco-environmental quality based on gridding could reflect the spatial distribution characteristics and the influencing factors of regional ecological environment more distinctly. In order to improve the quality of ecological environment, regional development strategy must be coordinated with the ecological civilization construction.