西北地区退耕还林工程对粮食生产与农民生计的影响

目的]评估西北地区退耕还林工程对粮食生产与农民收入的影响,为西北地区退耕还林工程实施的有效性和可行性提供依据。方法]以西北地区各省(区)退耕还林面积、粮食播种面积、粮食产量、农民纯收入、黄河流域径流量和土壤侵蚀总量为基础数据,运用SPSS及Excel数据库技术开展分析。结果]退耕还林直接造成西北地区粮播面积减少,粮食总产量下降,但农民纯收入逐年增加;退耕还林面积大小与粮播面积大小和粮食产量多少呈负相关关系,与农民纯收入呈正相关关系;黄河流域径流量随着退耕还林面积的增加而增加,二者呈正相关关系;土壤侵蚀量随着退耕还林面积的增加而减少,二者之间呈负相关关系。结论]退耕还林生态工程对西北地区粮食生产的影响不大,促进农户增收的同时起到了保持水土,改善生态环境的重要作用。

Effect of Reverting Farmland to Forest Project in Northwest China on Grain Production and Farmers'Livelihoods

Objective] The effect of reverting farmland to forest project in Northwest China on grain production and farmers''income was assessed to provide bases for the effectiveness and feasibility of the project implementation in the northwest area. Methods] Data of reverted area of farmland to forest, grain sown acreage, grain yield, farmers''net income, runoff throughout the catchment of Yellow River, and soil erosion amount of northwest provinces(regions) were collected and used. Data was analyzed by SPSS and Excel software. Results] The implementation of the project apparently resulted in the decrease of grain sown area and total grain yield, but the net income of farmers increased year by year in the northwest region. Returned area of farmland to forest and grain sown area, and grain yield were both negatively correlated, but reverted area was positively correlated with the net income of the farmers. Runoff throughout catchments of the Yellow River increased with the increase of the reverted area. Soil erosion decreased with the increase of the reverted acreage. Conclusion] The ecological engineering project of returning farmland to forest has little effect on grain production in the northwest region of China. It can level up farmers''income and plays an important role in conserving soil and water and in improving regional ecological environment.