1995—2015年上海市土地利用及其景观格局变化

目的]揭示快速城市化过程中城市景观生态变化的时空规律,为当地编制土地利用规划提供科学依据。方法]基于5期遥感影像数据,借助GIS技术与Fragstats等软件,分析1995—2015年上海市土地利用及其景观格局的动态变化情况。结果]1995—2015年上海市耕地、草地以及水域呈减少趋势,林地呈现先减少后增加的趋势,城乡、工矿和居民用地呈现不断增加的趋势;耕地的动态度明显,而草地的土地利用动态程度最弱,单一土地利用类型的动态度在2000—2005年多发生剧变,综合土地利用动态度呈现先增加后减少再增加的年际波动规律;土地利用类型转化主要发生在耕地和城乡、工矿和居民用地、耕地和林地之间的相互转化,以耕地的转出和城乡、工矿和居民用地的转入为主要特征;上海市景观格局在时间上表现为斑块数目不断增多,景观破碎度呈现越来越高的主要特征;在空间上表现为景观多样性指数从中部高、四周低的趋势逐渐转化为中西部、北部部分高的趋势。结论]城市在未来发展过程中要进一步提升用地潜力,提高土地集约利用度,保护并且增加生态服务功能性用地。

Land Use and Landscape Pattern Dynamics of Shanghai City During 1995-2015

Objective] The objective of this study is to reveal the temporal-spatial variation of urban landscape during rapid urbanization in order to provide scientific basis for local land use planning.Methods] Based on 5 phase remote sensing image data, using GIS technology and Fragstats software, the dynamic changes of land use and landscape pattern in Shanghai City was analyzed.Results] From 1995 to 2015, the area of cultivated land, grassland and waters decreased, the area of woodland decreased firstly and then increased, and the area of urban and rural, industrial and residential land showed an increasing trend. The variation of cultivated land was the most while the variation of grassland was the least. Single land use type changed dramatically from 2000 to 2005. Comprehensive land use type increased initially decreased lately and then increased. The conversion of land use types mainly occurred between cultivated land and urban, industrial and residential land. The conversion between farmland and wood land was mainly characterized by the decrease of cultivated land and the increase of urban, industrial and residential land. The number of patches and landscape fragmentation increased continuously was the main feature in Shanghai City. Landscape diversity transformed from high in the middle into the high in midwest and northern part of the city.Conclusion] The potential of the land use should furtherbe enhanced in future development of city, improve intensive land use, and protect the ecological service land.