多功能土壤改良剂对河西内陆灌区棕漠土的改良效果

目的]解决棕漠土保水肥能力弱,有机质含量低,制种玉米产量低而不稳的疑难问题,为河西内陆灌区制种玉米产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市肃州区棕漠土,采用田间试验方法,进行多功能土壤改良剂配方筛选及对棕漠土改良效果研究。结果]多功能土壤改良剂最佳配比为:有机生态肥∶保水剂∶制种玉米专用肥∶聚乙烯醇为0.978 3∶0.000 9∶0.019 6∶0.001 2。多功能土壤改良剂最佳施用量为68.75t/hm~2,制种玉米理论产量为6.64t/hm~2。施用多功能土壤改良剂与传统化肥比较,棕漠土总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量分别增加22.75%,22.76%,22.74%,9.50%,22.75%,22.76%和22.74%;有机质、CEC、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾增加35.01%,21.64%,0.63%,2.26%和2.09%;真菌、细菌和放线菌分别增加93.97%,35.35%,20.78%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶分别增加61.82%,44.64%,40.00%和64.29%;制种玉米增产值和施肥利润增加39.23%和31.82%。结论]施用多功能土壤改良剂,能有效地改善棕漠土理化性质和生物学性质,提高制种玉米产量。

Improvement Effects of Multi-functional Soil Conditioners on Brown Desert Soil in Hexi Inland Irrigation Areas in Gansu Province

Objective] The aim of this study is to solve the issues of low water and fertilizer capacity, low organic matter content, low yield and unstable grain production of brown desert soil, in order to provided technical support for the sustainable development of maize industry in Hexi inland irrigation area.Methods] The brown soil of Suzhou area in Jiuquan City, Gansu Province was selected and the field experiment method was conducted to screen the multi-functional soil improver formula and investigate the improvement effect on brown desert soil.Results] The optimum ratio of multi-functional soil conditioner was:organic ecological fertilizer:water retaining agent:special fertilizer for corn production:polyvinyl alcohol was 0.978 3:0.000 9:0.019 6:0.001 2. The optimum application rate of multi-functional soil improver was 68.75 t/hm², and the theoretical yield of maize was 6.64 t/hm². The total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, agglomerates, saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, non-capillary soils were significantly increased by 22.75%, 22.76%, 22.74%, 9.50%, 22.75%, 22.76% and 22.74%, respectively. The contents of organic matter, CEC, available N, available P and available potassium increased by 35.01%, 21.64%, 0.63%, 2.26% and 2.09%, respectively. Fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 93.97%, 35.35% and 20.78%, respectively. Invertase, urease, phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase increased by 61.82%, 44.64%, 40.00% and 64.29%, respectively. And maize yield and fertilization profits increased by 39.23% and 31.82%, respectively.Conclusion] The application of multi-functional soil conditioner could improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of brown desert soil and improve the yield of maize.