植物护坡及其生态效应研究

河道生态系统中的河岸侵蚀和滨水缓冲带建设倍受关注。以上海市浦东新区机场镇的生态河道示范工程为例,探讨了以生态修复和稳定坡岸为目标的植物护坡技术在生态河道坡岸修复中的应用及其生态效应。在不同河段分别采用了全系列生态护坡、土壤生物工程护坡和复合式生物稳定等3类植物护坡技术。通过对工程实施后3a（2004年～2006年）来的生态监测发现,护坡植物生长良好,新生枝叶和根系的护坡作用明显,土壤抗剪强度明显增加,河岸土壤侵蚀得到有效控制,坡岸的结构稳定性增强;同时河岸生境得到改善,本地植物快速恢复,生物多样性增加,河岸植物群落结构由单一结构向复杂结构转变,生态稳定性逐渐增强。生态河道的植物坡岸修复技术可以在我国各类岸坡的生态修复和边坡稳定中广泛运用。

Studies on Plant Slope Protection Techniques and Its Ecological Effect

The erosion of riverbank and the disappearance of riparian buffering strips are among the concerns in river ecosystem.In this study,we took an airport town in Pudong new district,Shanghai as an example to study the practice and its ecological effect on plant slope protection techniques of streams,which could provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of stream bank.We investigated the application of three kinds of plant slope protection techniques,including all-series vegetated protection,soil bioengineering,and combined biostabilization at different sites of ecological river.The plant slope protection project at the demonstration site was conducted continuous ecological monitoring from 2004 to 2006 after the reconstruction was finished.The results indicated that the pioneer species are growing very well with strong root system and flourished branches,which help control soil erosion effectively.As an indicator of soil anti-erodibility,the soil strength and compaction of the subsurface soil with a mean deepness of 15cm are going up and much more than the un-covered control slopes,which made the soil erosion mitigated sharply and the structural stability of riverbanks enhanced.Along with the riverbank being reinforced,the habitats of the riparian zone are under self-improvement and native plants have been in rapid restoration.The ecological stability of eco-riverbanks is being enhanced duo to a high species diversity and complex plant community structure.It was concluded that the approach could be widely applied in ecological restoration and riverbank slope stability of all kind of slopes in China.