全膜双垄沟播对旱区玉米田土壤水分和温度的影响

通过田间试验,比较分析全膜双垄沟播（T1）、平铺覆膜（T2）以及露地平作（不覆膜,CK）3种种植方式玉米不同生育期土壤含水率和温度的变化,探求全膜双垄沟播技术对旱区玉米田土壤水分和温度的影响.结果表明：（1）从0-200cm土层平均含水率看,全生育期和出苗-吐丝期均以T1处理的平均值最高,比T2和CK高1.0和0.9个百分点,出苗-吐丝期高0.9和1.5个百分点;处理间0-200cm土层含水率以七叶期差异最大,T1比T2和CK高1.4和2.6个百分点,以拔节期差异最小,T1比T2和CK高0.4和0.3个百分点,乳熟-成熟期T1比T2高0.9个百分点、比CK低0.6个百分点.（2）全生育期浅层土壤（0-40cm）各层平均含水率看,T1比T2和CK高1.0和1.7个百分点,以0-20cm差异最大,T1比T2和CK高1.2和2.2个百分点,30-40cm,T1比T2和CK高0.9和1.3个百分点,80-200cm,T1比T2高0.7而比CK低1.0个百分点.（3）从全生育期0-40cm土层温度平均值看,T1比T2和CK高0.7和2.7℃,其中以苗期差异最大,T1比T2和CK高0.6和5.1℃,吐丝期差异最小,T1比T2和CK高0.6和0.5℃.试验说明全膜双垄沟播技术能明显改善土壤温、湿度状况,是旱区玉米的高效栽培模式.

Effects of Full Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges With Furrow on Soil Moisture and Temperature in Dry-farming Maize Area

Soil moisture and temperature during different growth period of maize with the full plastic-film mulching on double ridges with furrow（T1）,fiat film（T2）and open fiat （not covered,CK）was compared,the effects of T1 on soil moisture and temperature in dry-farming maize was studied through field experiment.The results showed that the average moisture of 0-200cm soil layer in T1,during the whole growth period,was higher 1.0 percentage points and 0.9 percentage points than that of T2 and CK,and 0.9 percentage points and 1.5 percentage points than that of T2 and CK from emergence to silking stage.Among the treatments,the maximum difference of the average moisture of 0-200cm soil layer occurred at seven leaf stage,and that of T1 was higher 1.4 percentage points and 2.6 percentage points than that of T2 and CK.The minimum difference occurred at jointing stage,and that of T1 was higher 0.4 percentage points and 0.3 percentage points than that of T2 and CK.The average moisture in 0-40cm of each layer in T1 was higher 1 percentage points and 1.7 percentage points than that of T2 and CK,with peak value 1.2 percentage points and 2.2 percentage points in 0-20cm.In addition,that of T1 was higher 0.9 percentage points and 1.3 percentage points than that of T2 and CK in 30-40cm,that of T1 was higher 0.7 percentage points than that of T2 and lower 1.0 percentage points than that of CK in 80-200cm.The average temperature in 0-40cm of each layer during the whole growth period in T1 was higher 0.7℃ and 2.7℃ than that of T2 and CK,with peak value 0.6℃ and 5.1℃ at seedling stage.The results indicated that the mode of full plastic-film mulching on double ridges with furrow could improve soil moisture and temperature obviously,which was high efficiency planting mode in dry-farming maize area.