典型草原区蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征及气象因子影响分析

利用内蒙古典型草原地区锡林浩特国家气候观象台1954-2013年蒸发皿蒸发资料和同期气温、日照时数、云量、风速、相对湿度等资料,运用线性趋势法、相关分析法、完全相关系数法,对蒸发量变化趋势及其与各气象因子的关系进行分析,并试图解释引起蒸发变化的气候成因.结果表明：研究区近60a蒸发皿蒸发量表现为极显著上升趋势（51.49mm/10a,P＜0.01）;完全相关系数法分析表明,最低气温、平均气温、相对湿度与蒸发皿蒸发量呈极显著相关性（P＜0.01）,是影响蒸发量的主要因子.气温上升、相对湿度降低是造成内蒙古典型草原区锡林浩特地区蒸发量上升的主要原因.研究结果对典型草原区气候变化评价有一定参考价值.

Analysis on Variation Feature of Pan Evaporation and Effect of Meteorological Factors in Typical Grassland

Based on meteorological observations such as pan evaporation,temperature,sunshine hours,and wind speed,humidity during 1954-2013 in Xilinhaote station of typical grassland of Inner Mongolia,the annual and seasonal variation of evaporation was analyzed by using the linear trend,correlation analysis methods and complete correlation coefficient.The variation characteristics of the pan evaporation and the relations among pan evaporation and some meteorological factors were analyzed,and it attempted to explain climatic cause of evaporation changes.The results showed that the evaporation presented an obvious upward trend （51.49mm/10y,P 〈 0.01） in recent 60 years in Xilinhaote station of typical grassland of Inner Mongolia,especially in spring,summer and autumn.Analysis on the complete coefficients of meteorological factors with pan evaporation showed that mean temperature,minimum temperature and relative humidity were the main influencing factors resulted in pan evaporation increase （P 〈 0.01）.There was obviously positive correlation between evaporation and temperature,but negative correlation between evaporation and relative humidity,which indicated that temperature and relative humidity were main factors resulted in evaporation increase in Xilinhaote station of typical grassland of Inner Mongolia.The results could provide reference to climate change evaluation and analyzing in typical steppe region.