2022年夏收粮油作物生育期气象条件及其影响分析

基于主产区气象观测站和农业气象站实测气象资料和作物发育期资料，计算冬小麦和油菜生长季的气候适宜度和灾害指数等参数，评价该阶段气象条件对夏收粮油作物的利弊影响。结果显示：2021/2022年度冬小麦、油菜生育期内，产区大部光热充足、土壤墒情适宜，冻害、干旱等农业气象灾害影响程度偏轻，气候适宜度高于上年和近5a平均值，气象条件利于夏收粮油作物生长发育和产量形成；成熟收获期间多晴好天气，收获进度快、质量高。但北方冬麦区秋播期多雨渍涝，冬小麦播种期明显推迟，冬前壮苗比例偏少、分蘖不足。江南和贵州等油菜产区冬季持续阴雨寡照，影响油菜发育进程。

Analysis Report of Agrometeorological Conditions during Growing Season of Summer Harvest Crops in 2022

Based on the measured meteorological data and crop development stage data of meteorological observation stations and agricultural meteorological stations in the main production area in 2021?2022, the climate suitable index and disaster index were used to analyze the agrometeorological conditions in the growing season of major summer harvest crops, including winter wheat and rape. The results showed that: the thermal conditions and the sunlight were sufficient during winter wheat and rape growth season. The precipitation and soil moisture conditions were suitable for crop growth and development. Meanwhile, the impact of agrometeorological disasters such as freezing, drought was relatively light. So the climate suitability index was higher than the value of the previous year and the average value of last five years. In general, temperature, sunshine and water conditions matched, which was favorable for crops development and yield formation. During the mature and harvest stage of winter wheat and rape, the weather was so sunny that harvest progress was fast and high quality. While it was continuous heavy rain and the farmland had been waterlogged in North China Plain in autumn 2021, which led to the sowing date of winter wheat delayed obviously and less proportion of strong seedlings and insufficient tillering before winter wheat stopped the growth and entered overwintering period. Additionally, the continuous rain and poor sunshine also delayed the development process of rape in Jiangnan region and Guizhou province. However, the above adverse meteorological conditions did not impact significantly the yield of winter wheat and rape.