大气环境对育肥猪舍内颗粒物浓度的影响

2014年10月-2015年8月，以北京昌平某猪场3栋育肥猪舍为例，在猪舍内外设置监测点，对猪舍内外空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）、≤10μm的颗粒物（PM10）和≤100μm的颗粒物（TSP）浓度进行周年监测，并将舍外监测数据与昌平国家环境监测数据进行比较分析，以研究探讨大气环境颗粒物浓度对育肥猪舍内环境的影响。试验结果表明，试验期间舍内外PM2.5浓度的变化范围分别为23～245μgm^-3和11～372μgm^-3，PM10浓度变化范围分别为113～1182μgm^-3和25～444μgm^-3，TSP浓度变化范围分别为334～4396μgm^-3和31～742μgm^-3。育肥猪舍内PM10和TSP浓度远高于猪舍外，说明育肥猪舍内PM2.5浓度受大气环境的影响，而育肥猪舍内粒径大于2.5μm的颗粒物主要源于养殖生产活动。

Effects of Atmospheric Environment on the Particulate Matters in the Fattening Pig Barns

Measurement points were set inside and outside the barns to monitor PM2.5(diameter of particulate matter≤2.5μm), PM10(diameter of particulate matter≤10μm) and TSP(diameter of particulate matter≤100μm ) concentrations on a swine farm in Changping, suburb Beijing for a full year(2014-09-30 to 2015-08-29). Comparison and statistical analysis of the monitoring results were done with data from the Changping national environmental monitoring station. Results showed that the concentration ranges of PM2.5inside and outside the barns were 23-245μg·m-3 and 11-372μg·m-3, respectively, PM10 were 113-1182μg·m-3 and 25-444μg·m-3, respectively, and TSP were 334-4396μg·m-3 and 31-742μg·m-3, respectively. The concentrations of PM10and TSP inside the barns were much higher than that outside. The concentration of PM2.5 inside the pig barns was mostly influenced by the atmospheric environment, but the particulate matters larger than 2.5μm mostly came from the breeding process.